parser.hpp

/*
    SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    Copyright © 2023-2024 Amebis
*/
 
#pragma once
 
#include "assert.hpp"
#include "compat.hpp"
#include "endian.hpp"
#include "interval.hpp"
#include "memory.hpp"
#include "sgml.hpp"
#include "string.hpp"
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <math.h>
#if defined(_WIN32)
#include <winsock2.h>
#if _MSC_VER >= 1300
#include <ws2ipdef.h>
#endif
#include <ws2tcpip.h>
#else
#include <netinet/in.h>
#endif
#include <limits>
#include <list>
#include <locale>
#include <memory>
#include <set>
#include <string_view>
#include <string>
 
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#pragma warning(push)
#pragma warning(disable: 4100)
#elif defined(__GNUC__)
#pragma GCC diagnostic push
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunknown-pragmas"
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-parameter"
#endif
 
#define ENUM_FLAG_OPERATOR(T,X) \
inline T operator X (const T lhs, const T rhs) { return static_cast<T>(static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<T>>(lhs) X static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<T>>(rhs)); } \
inline T operator X (const T lhs, const std::underlying_type_t<T> rhs) { return static_cast<T>(static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<T>>(lhs) X rhs); } \
inline T operator X (const std::underlying_type_t<T> lhs, const T rhs) { return static_cast<T>(lhs X static_cast<std::underlying_type_t<T>>(rhs)); } \
inline T& operator X= (T& lhs, const T rhs) { return lhs = lhs X rhs; } \
inline T& operator X= (T& lhs, const std::underlying_type_t<T> rhs) { return lhs = lhs X rhs; }
#define ENUM_FLAGS(T, type) \
enum class T : type; \
inline T operator ~ (T t) { return (T) (~static_cast<std::underlying_type_t <T>>(t)); } \
ENUM_FLAG_OPERATOR(T,|) \
ENUM_FLAG_OPERATOR(T,^) \
ENUM_FLAG_OPERATOR(T,&) \
enum class T : type
 
#if defined(_WIN32)
#elif defined(__APPLE__)
#define s6_words __u6_addr.__u6_addr16
#else
#define s6_words s6_addr16
#endif
 
namespace stdex
{
    namespace parser
    {
        constexpr int match_default = 0;
        constexpr int match_case_insensitive = 0x1;
        constexpr int match_multiline = 0x2;
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_parser
        {
        public:
            basic_parser(_In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) : m_locale(locale) {}
            virtual ~basic_parser() {}
 
            bool search(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                for (size_t i = start; i < end && text[i]; i++)
                    if (match(text, i, end, flags))
                        return true;
                return false;
            }
 
            bool match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                return do_match(text, start, end, flags);
            }
 
            bool match(
                _In_ const std::basic_string_view<T, std::char_traits<T>> text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                return match(text.data(), start, std::min<size_t>(end, text.size()), flags);
            }
 
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                this->interval.invalidate();
            }
 
            stdex::interval<size_t> interval; 
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default) = 0;
 
            template <class T_out = wchar_t>
            const T_out* next_sgml_cp(_In_ const char* text, _In_ size_t start, _In_ size_t end, _Out_ size_t& chr_end, _Out_ T_out(&buf)[5])
            {
                if (text[start] == '&') {
                    // Potential entity start
                    const auto& ctype = std::use_facet<std::ctype<T>>(m_locale);
                    for (chr_end = start + 1;; chr_end++) {
                        if (chr_end >= end || text[chr_end] == 0) {
                            // Unterminated entity
                            break;
                        }
                        if (text[chr_end] == ';') {
                            // Entity end
                            utf32_t buf32[2];
                            size_t n = chr_end - start - 1;
                            auto entity_w = utf32_to_wstr(sgml2uni(text + start + 1, n, buf32), buf);
                            if (entity_w) {
                                chr_end++;
                                return entity_w;
                            }
                            // Unknown entity.
                            break;
                        }
                        else if (text[chr_end] == '&' || ctype.is(ctype.space, text[chr_end])) {
                            // This char cannot possibly be a part of entity.
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
                buf[0] = text[start];
                buf[1] = 0;
                chr_end = start + 1;
                return buf;
            }
 
            std::locale m_locale;
        };
 
        using parser = basic_parser<char>;
        using wparser = basic_parser<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tparser = wparser;
#else
        using tparser = parser;
#endif
        using sgml_parser = basic_parser<char>;
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_noop : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                if (start < end && text[start]) {
                    this->interval.start = this->interval.end = start;
                    return true;
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        using noop = basic_noop<char>;
        using wnoop = basic_noop<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tnoop = wnoop;
#else
        using tnoop = noop;
#endif
        using sgml_noop = basic_noop<char>;
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_any_cu : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_any_cu(_In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) : basic_parser<T>(locale) {}
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                if (start < end && text[start]) {
                    this->interval.end = (this->interval.start = start) + 1;
                    return true;
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        using any_cu = basic_any_cu<char>;
        using wany_cu = basic_any_cu<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tany_cu = wany_cu;
#else
        using tany_cu = any_cu;
#endif
 
        class sgml_any_cp : public basic_any_cu<char>
        {
        public:
            sgml_any_cp(_In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) : basic_any_cu<char>(locale) {}
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                if (start < end && text[start]) {
                    if (text[start] == '&') {
                        // SGML entity
                        const auto& ctype = std::use_facet<std::ctype<char>>(m_locale);
                        for (this->interval.end = start + 1; this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end]; this->interval.end++)
                            if (text[this->interval.end] == ';') {
                                this->interval.end++;
                                this->interval.start = start;
                                return true;
                            }
                            else if (text[this->interval.end] == '&' || ctype.is(ctype.space, text[this->interval.end]))
                                break;
                        // Unterminated entity
                    }
                    this->interval.end = (this->interval.start = start) + 1;
                    return true;
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_cu : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_cu(T chr, bool invert = false, _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_parser<T>(locale),
                m_chr(chr),
                m_invert(invert)
            {}
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                if (start < end && text[start]) {
                    bool r;
                    if (flags & match_case_insensitive) {
                        const auto& ctype = std::use_facet<std::ctype<T>>(this->m_locale);
                        r = ctype.tolower(text[start]) == ctype.tolower(m_chr);
                    }
                    else
                        r = text[start] == m_chr;
                    if ((r && !m_invert) || (!r && m_invert)) {
                        this->interval.end = (this->interval.start = start) + 1;
                        return true;
                    }
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            T m_chr;
            bool m_invert;
        };
 
        using cu = basic_cu<char>;
        using wcu = basic_cu<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tcu = wcu;
#else
        using tcu = cu;
#endif
 
        class sgml_cp : public sgml_parser
        {
        public:
            sgml_cp(const char* chr, size_t count = SIZE_MAX, bool invert = false, _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                sgml_parser(locale),
                m_invert(invert)
            {
                stdex_assert(chr || !count);
                wchar_t buf[5];
                size_t chr_end;
                m_chr.assign(count ? next_sgml_cp(chr, 0, count, chr_end, buf) : L"");
            }
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                if (start < end && text[start]) {
                    wchar_t buf[5];
                    const wchar_t* chr = next_sgml_cp(text, start, end, this->interval.end, buf);
                    bool r = ((flags & match_case_insensitive) ?
                        stdex::strnicmp(chr, stdex::strlen(chr), m_chr.data(), m_chr.size(), m_locale) :
                        stdex::strncmp(chr, stdex::strlen(chr), m_chr.data(), m_chr.size())) == 0;
                    if ((r && !m_invert) || (!r && m_invert)) {
                        this->interval.start = start;
                        return true;
                    }
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            std::wstring m_chr;
            bool m_invert;
        };
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_space_cu : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_space_cu(bool invert = false, _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_parser<T>(locale),
                m_invert(invert)
            {}
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                if (start < end && text[start]) {
                    bool r =
                        ((flags & match_multiline) || !stdex::islbreak(text[start])) &&
                        std::use_facet<std::ctype<T>>(this->m_locale).is(std::ctype_base::space, text[start]);
                    if ((r && !m_invert) || (!r && m_invert)) {
                        this->interval.end = (this->interval.start = start) + 1;
                        return true;
                    }
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            bool m_invert;
        };
 
        using space_cu = basic_space_cu<char>;
        using wspace_cu = basic_space_cu<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tspace_cu = wspace_cu;
#else
        using tspace_cu = space_cu;
#endif
 
        class sgml_space_cp : public basic_space_cu<char>
        {
        public:
            sgml_space_cp(_In_ bool invert = false, _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_space_cu<char>(invert, locale)
            {}
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                if (start < end && text[start]) {
                    wchar_t buf[5];
                    const wchar_t* chr = next_sgml_cp(text, start, end, this->interval.end, buf);
                    const wchar_t* chr_end = chr + stdex::strlen(chr);
                    bool r =
                        ((flags & match_multiline) || !stdex::islbreak(chr, SIZE_MAX)) &&
                        std::use_facet<std::ctype<wchar_t>>(m_locale).scan_not(std::ctype_base::space, chr, chr_end) == chr_end;
                    if ((r && !m_invert) || (!r && m_invert)) {
                        this->interval.start = start;
                        return true;
                    }
                }
 
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_punct_cu : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_punct_cu(bool invert = false, _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_parser<T>(locale),
                m_invert(invert)
            {}
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                if (start < end && text[start]) {
                    bool r = std::use_facet<std::ctype<T>>(this->m_locale).is(std::ctype_base::punct, text[start]);
                    if ((r && !m_invert) || (!r && m_invert)) {
                        this->interval.end = (this->interval.start = start) + 1;
                        return true;
                    }
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            bool m_invert;
        };
 
        using punct_cu = basic_punct_cu<char>;
        using wpunct_cu = basic_punct_cu<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tpunct_cu = wpunct_cu;
#else
        using tpunct_cu = punct_cu;
#endif
 
        class sgml_punct_cp : public basic_punct_cu<char>
        {
        public:
            sgml_punct_cp(bool invert = false, _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_punct_cu<char>(invert, locale)
            {}
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                if (start < end && text[start]) {
                    wchar_t buf[5];
                    const wchar_t* chr = next_sgml_cp(text, start, end, this->interval.end, buf);
                    const wchar_t* chr_end = chr + stdex::strlen(chr);
                    bool r = std::use_facet<std::ctype<wchar_t>>(m_locale).scan_not(std::ctype_base::punct, chr, chr_end) == chr_end;
                    if ((r && !m_invert) || (!r && m_invert)) {
                        this->interval.start = start;
                        return true;
                    }
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_space_or_punct_cu : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_space_or_punct_cu(bool invert = false, _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_parser<T>(locale),
                m_invert(invert)
            {}
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                if (start < end && text[start]) {
                    bool r =
                        ((flags & match_multiline) || !stdex::islbreak(text[start])) &&
                        std::use_facet<std::ctype<T>>(this->m_locale).is(std::ctype_base::space | std::ctype_base::punct, text[start]);
                    if ((r && !m_invert) || (!r && m_invert)) {
                        this->interval.end = (this->interval.start = start) + 1;
                        return true;
                    }
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            bool m_invert;
        };
 
        using space_or_punct_cu = basic_space_or_punct_cu<char>;
        using wspace_or_punct_cu = basic_space_or_punct_cu<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tspace_or_punct_cu = wspace_or_punct_cu;
#else
        using tspace_or_punct_cu = space_or_punct_cu;
#endif
 
        class sgml_space_or_punct_cp : public basic_space_or_punct_cu<char>
        {
        public:
            sgml_space_or_punct_cp(bool invert = false, _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_space_or_punct_cu<char>(invert, locale)
            {}
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                if (start < end && text[start]) {
                    wchar_t buf[5];
                    const wchar_t* chr = next_sgml_cp(text, start, end, this->interval.end, buf);
                    const wchar_t* chr_end = chr + stdex::strlen(chr);
                    bool r =
                        ((flags & match_multiline) || !stdex::islbreak(chr, SIZE_MAX)) &&
                        std::use_facet<std::ctype<wchar_t>>(m_locale).scan_not(std::ctype_base::space | std::ctype_base::punct, chr, chr_end) == chr_end;
                    if ((r && !m_invert) || (!r && m_invert)) {
                        this->interval.start = start;
                        return true;
                    }
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_bol : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_bol(bool invert = false) : m_invert(invert) {}
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || !end);
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                bool r = start == 0 || (start <= end && stdex::islbreak(text[start - 1]));
                if ((r && !m_invert) || (!r && m_invert)) {
                    this->interval.end = this->interval.start = start;
                    return true;
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            bool m_invert;
        };
 
        using bol = basic_bol<char>;
        using wbol = basic_bol<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tbol = wbol;
#else
        using tbol = bol;
#endif
        using sgml_bol = basic_bol<char>;
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_eol : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_eol(bool invert = false) : m_invert(invert) {}
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                bool r = start >= end || !text[start] || stdex::islbreak(text[start]);
                if ((r && !m_invert) || (!r && m_invert)) {
                    this->interval.end = this->interval.start = start;
                    return true;
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            bool m_invert;
        };
 
        using eol = basic_eol<char>;
        using weol = basic_eol<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using teol = weol;
#else
        using teol = eol;
#endif
        using sgml_eol = basic_eol<char>;
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_set : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_set(bool invert = false, _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_parser<T>(locale),
                hit_offset(SIZE_MAX),
                m_invert(invert)
            {}
 
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                hit_offset = SIZE_MAX;
                basic_parser<T>::invalidate();
            }
 
            size_t hit_offset;
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default) = 0;
 
            bool m_invert;
        };
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_cu_set : public basic_set<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_cu_set(
                _In_reads_or_z_(count) const T* set,
                _In_ size_t count = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ bool invert = false,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_set<T>(invert, locale)
            {
                if (set)
                    m_set.assign(set, set + stdex::strnlen(set, count));
            }
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                if (start < end && text[start]) {
                    const T* set = m_set.data();
                    size_t r = (flags & match_case_insensitive) ?
                        stdex::strnichr(set, m_set.size(), text[start], this->m_locale) :
                        stdex::strnchr(set, m_set.size(), text[start]);
                    if ((r != stdex::npos && !this->m_invert) || (r == stdex::npos && this->m_invert)) {
                        this->hit_offset = r;
                        this->interval.end = (this->interval.start = start) + 1;
                        return true;
                    }
                }
                this->hit_offset = SIZE_MAX;
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            std::basic_string<T> m_set;
        };
 
        using cu_set = basic_cu_set<char>;
        using wcu_set = basic_cu_set<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tcu_set = wcu_set;
#else
        using tcu_set = cu_set;
#endif
 
        class sgml_cp_set : public basic_set<char>
        {
        public:
            sgml_cp_set(const char* set, size_t count = SIZE_MAX, bool invert = false, _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_set<char>(invert, locale)
            {
                if (set)
                    m_set = sgml2str(set, count);
            }
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                if (start < end && text[start]) {
                    wchar_t buf[5];
                    const wchar_t* chr = next_sgml_cp(text, start, end, this->interval.end, buf);
                    const wchar_t* set = m_set.data();
                    size_t r = (flags & match_case_insensitive) ?
                        stdex::strnistr(set, m_set.size(), chr, m_locale) :
                        stdex::strnstr(set, m_set.size(), chr);
                    if ((r != stdex::npos && !m_invert) || (r == stdex::npos && m_invert)) {
                        hit_offset = r;
                        this->interval.start = start;
                        return true;
                    }
                }
                hit_offset = SIZE_MAX;
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            std::wstring m_set;
        };
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_string : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_string(
                _In_reads_or_z_(count) const T* str,
                _In_ size_t count = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_parser<T>(locale),
                m_str(str, str + stdex::strnlen(str, count))
            {}
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                size_t
                    m = m_str.size(),
                    n = std::min<size_t>(end - start, m);
                bool r = ((flags & match_case_insensitive) ?
                    stdex::strnicmp(text + start, n, m_str.data(), m, this->m_locale) :
                    stdex::strncmp(text + start, n, m_str.data(), m)) == 0;
                if (r) {
                    this->interval.end = (this->interval.start = start) + n;
                    return true;
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            std::basic_string<T> m_str;
        };
 
        using string = basic_string<char>;
        using wstring = basic_string<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tstring = wstring;
#else
        using tstring = string;
#endif
 
        class sgml_string : public sgml_parser
        {
        public:
            sgml_string(const char* str, size_t count = SIZE_MAX, _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                sgml_parser(locale),
                m_str(sgml2str(str, count))
            {}
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                const wchar_t* str = m_str.data();
                const bool case_insensitive = flags & match_case_insensitive ? true : false;
                const auto& ctype = std::use_facet<std::ctype<wchar_t>>(m_locale);
                for (this->interval.end = start;;) {
                    if (!*str) {
                        this->interval.start = start;
                        return true;
                    }
                    if (this->interval.end >= end || !text[this->interval.end]) {
                        this->interval.invalidate();
                        return false;
                    }
                    wchar_t buf[5];
                    const wchar_t* chr = next_sgml_cp(text, this->interval.end, end, this->interval.end, buf);
                    for (; *chr; ++str, ++chr) {
                        if (!*str ||
                            (case_insensitive ? ctype.tolower(*str) != ctype.tolower(*chr) : *str != *chr))
                        {
                            this->interval.invalidate();
                            return false;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
 
            std::wstring m_str;
        };
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_iterations : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_iterations(const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& el, size_t min_iterations = 0, size_t max_iterations = SIZE_MAX, bool greedy = true) :
                m_el(el),
                m_min_iterations(min_iterations),
                m_max_iterations(max_iterations),
                m_greedy(greedy)
            {}
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                this->interval.start = this->interval.end = start;
                for (size_t i = 0; ; i++) {
                    if ((!m_greedy && i >= m_min_iterations) || i >= m_max_iterations)
                        return true;
                    if (!m_el->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                        if (i >= m_min_iterations)
                            return true;
                        break;
                    }
                    if (m_el->interval.end == this->interval.end) {
                        // Element did match, but the matching interval was empty. Quit instead of spinning.
                        return true;
                    }
                    this->interval.end = m_el->interval.end;
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_el; 
            size_t m_min_iterations; 
            size_t m_max_iterations; 
            bool m_greedy; 
        };
 
        using iterations = basic_iterations<char>;
        using witerations = basic_iterations<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using titerations = witerations;
#else
        using titerations = iterations;
#endif
        using sgml_iterations = basic_iterations<char>;
 
        template <class T>
        class parser_collection : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        protected:
            parser_collection(_In_ const std::locale& locale) : basic_parser<T>(locale) {}
 
        public:
            parser_collection(
                _In_count_(count) const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>* el,
                _In_ size_t count,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_parser<T>(locale)
            {
                stdex_assert(el || !count);
                m_collection.reserve(count);
                for (size_t i = 0; i < count; i++)
                    m_collection.push_back(el[i]);
            }
 
            parser_collection(
                _Inout_ std::vector<std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>>&& collection,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_parser<T>(locale),
                m_collection(std::move(collection))
            {}
 
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                for (auto& el : m_collection)
                    el->invalidate();
                basic_parser<T>::invalidate();
            }
 
        protected:
            std::vector<std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>> m_collection;
        };
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_sequence : public parser_collection<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_sequence(
                _In_count_(count) const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>* el = nullptr,
                _In_ size_t count = 0,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                parser_collection<T>(el, count, locale)
            {}
 
            basic_sequence(
                _Inout_ std::vector<std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>>&& collection,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                parser_collection<T>(std::move(collection), locale)
            {}
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                this->interval.end = start;
                for (auto i = this->m_collection.begin(); i != this->m_collection.end(); ++i) {
                    if (!(*i)->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                        for (++i; i != this->m_collection.end(); ++i)
                            (*i)->invalidate();
                        this->interval.invalidate();
                        return false;
                    }
                    this->interval.end = (*i)->interval.end;
                }
                this->interval.start = start;
                return true;
            }
        };
 
        using sequence = basic_sequence<char>;
        using wsequence = basic_sequence<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tsequence = wsequence;
#else
        using tsequence = sequence;
#endif
        using sgml_sequence = basic_sequence<char>;
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_branch : public parser_collection<T>
        {
        protected:
            basic_branch(_In_ const std::locale& locale) :
                parser_collection<T>(locale),
                hit_offset(SIZE_MAX)
            {}
 
        public:
            basic_branch(
                _In_count_(count) const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>* el = nullptr,
                _In_ size_t count = 0,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                parser_collection<T>(el, count, locale),
                hit_offset(SIZE_MAX)
            {}
 
            basic_branch(
                _Inout_ std::vector<std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>>&& collection,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                parser_collection<T>(std::move(collection), locale),
                hit_offset(SIZE_MAX)
            {}
 
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                hit_offset = SIZE_MAX;
                parser_collection<T>::invalidate();
            }
 
            size_t hit_offset;
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                hit_offset = 0;
                for (auto i = this->m_collection.begin(); i != this->m_collection.end(); ++i, ++hit_offset) {
                    if ((*i)->match(text, start, end, flags)) {
                        this->interval = (*i)->interval;
                        for (++i; i != this->m_collection.end(); ++i)
                            (*i)->invalidate();
                        return true;
                    }
                }
                hit_offset = SIZE_MAX;
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        using branch = basic_branch<char>;
        using wbranch = basic_branch<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tbranch = wbranch;
#else
        using tbranch = branch;
#endif
        using sgml_branch = basic_branch<char>;
 
        template <class T, class T_parser = basic_string<T>>
        class basic_string_branch : public basic_branch<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_string_branch(
                _In_reads_(count) const T* str_z = nullptr,
                _In_ size_t count = 0,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_branch<T>(locale)
            {
                build(str_z, count);
            }
 
            basic_string_branch(_In_z_ const T* str, ...) :
                basic_branch<T>(std::locale())
            {
                va_list params;
                va_start(params, str);
                build(str, params);
                va_end(params);
            }
 
            basic_string_branch(_In_ const std::locale& locale, _In_z_ const T* str, ...) :
                basic_branch<T>(locale)
            {
                va_list params;
                va_start(params, str);
                build(str, params);
                va_end(params);
            }
 
        protected:
            void build(_In_reads_(count) const T* str_z, _In_ size_t count)
            {
                stdex_assert(str_z || !count);
                if (count) {
                    size_t offset, n;
                    for (
                        offset = n = 0;
                        offset < count && str_z[offset];
                        offset += stdex::strnlen(str_z + offset, count - offset) + 1, ++n);
                    this->m_collection.reserve(n);
                    for (
                        offset = 0;
                        offset < count && str_z[offset];
                        offset += stdex::strnlen(str_z + offset, count - offset) + 1)
                        this->m_collection.push_back(std::move(std::make_shared<T_parser>(str_z + offset, count - offset, this->m_locale)));
                }
            }
 
            void build(_In_z_ const T* str, _In_ va_list params)
            {
                const T* p;
                for (
                    this->m_collection.push_back(std::move(std::make_shared<T_parser>(str, SIZE_MAX, this->m_locale)));
                    (p = va_arg(params, const T*)) != nullptr;
                    this->m_collection.push_back(std::move(std::make_shared<T_parser>(p, SIZE_MAX, this->m_locale))));
            }
        };
 
        using string_branch = basic_string_branch<char>;
        using wstring_branch = basic_string_branch<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tstring_branch = wstring_branch;
#else
        using tstring_branch = string_branch;
#endif
        using sgml_string_branch = basic_string_branch<char, sgml_string>;
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_permutation : public parser_collection<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_permutation(
                _In_count_(count) const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>* el = nullptr,
                _In_ size_t count = 0,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                parser_collection<T>(el, count, locale)
            {}
 
            basic_permutation(
                _Inout_ std::vector<std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>>&& collection,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                parser_collection<T>(std::move(collection), locale)
            {}
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                for (auto& el : this->m_collection)
                    el->invalidate();
                if (match_recursively(text, start, end, flags)) {
                    this->interval.start = start;
                    return true;
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            bool match_recursively(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                bool all_matched = true;
                for (auto& el : this->m_collection) {
                    if (!el->interval) {
                        // Element was not matched in permutatuion yet.
                        all_matched = false;
                        if (el->match(text, start, end, flags)) {
                            // Element matched for the first time.
                            if (match_recursively(text, el->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                                // Rest of the elements matched too.
                                return true;
                            }
                            el->invalidate();
                        }
                    }
                }
                if (all_matched) {
                    this->interval.end = start;
                    return true;
                }
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        using permutation = basic_permutation<char>;
        using wpermutation = basic_permutation<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tpermutation = wpermutation;
#else
        using tpermutation = permutation;
#endif
        using sgml_permutation = basic_permutation<char>;
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_integer : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_integer(_In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_parser<T>(locale),
                value(0)
            {}
 
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                value = 0;
                basic_parser<T>::invalidate();
            }
 
        public:
            size_t value; 
        };
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_integer10 : public basic_integer<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_integer10(
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_0,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_1,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_2,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_3,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_4,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_5,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_6,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_7,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_8,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_9,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_integer<T>(locale),
                m_digit_0(digit_0),
                m_digit_1(digit_1),
                m_digit_2(digit_2),
                m_digit_3(digit_3),
                m_digit_4(digit_4),
                m_digit_5(digit_5),
                m_digit_6(digit_6),
                m_digit_7(digit_7),
                m_digit_8(digit_8),
                m_digit_9(digit_9)
            {}
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                for (this->interval.end = start, this->value = 0; this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end];) {
                    size_t dig;
                    if (m_digit_0->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 0; this->interval.end = m_digit_0->interval.end; }
                    else if (m_digit_1->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 1; this->interval.end = m_digit_1->interval.end; }
                    else if (m_digit_2->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 2; this->interval.end = m_digit_2->interval.end; }
                    else if (m_digit_3->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 3; this->interval.end = m_digit_3->interval.end; }
                    else if (m_digit_4->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 4; this->interval.end = m_digit_4->interval.end; }
                    else if (m_digit_5->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 5; this->interval.end = m_digit_5->interval.end; }
                    else if (m_digit_6->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 6; this->interval.end = m_digit_6->interval.end; }
                    else if (m_digit_7->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 7; this->interval.end = m_digit_7->interval.end; }
                    else if (m_digit_8->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 8; this->interval.end = m_digit_8->interval.end; }
                    else if (m_digit_9->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 9; this->interval.end = m_digit_9->interval.end; }
                    else break;
                    this->value = this->value * 10 + dig;
                }
                if (start < this->interval.end) {
                    this->interval.start = start;
                    return true;
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>
                m_digit_0,
                m_digit_1,
                m_digit_2,
                m_digit_3,
                m_digit_4,
                m_digit_5,
                m_digit_6,
                m_digit_7,
                m_digit_8,
                m_digit_9;
        };
 
        using integer10 = basic_integer10<char>;
        using winteger10 = basic_integer10<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tinteger10 = winteger10;
#else
        using tinteger10 = integer10;
#endif
        using sgml_integer10 = basic_integer10<char>;
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_integer10ts : public basic_integer<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_integer10ts(
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_integer10<T>>& digits,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_set<T>>& separator,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_integer<T>(locale),
                digit_count(0),
                has_separators(false),
                m_digits(digits),
                m_separator(separator)
            {}
 
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                digit_count = 0;
                has_separators = false;
                basic_integer<T>::invalidate();
            }
 
            size_t digit_count; 
            bool has_separators; 
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                if (m_digits->match(text, start, end, flags)) {
                    // Leading part match.
                    this->value = m_digits->value;
                    digit_count = m_digits->interval.size();
                    has_separators = false;
                    this->interval.start = start;
                    this->interval.end = m_digits->interval.end;
                    if (m_digits->interval.size() <= 3) {
                        // Maybe separated with thousand separators?
                        size_t hit_offset = SIZE_MAX;
                        while (m_separator->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                            (hit_offset == SIZE_MAX || hit_offset == m_separator->hit_offset) && // All separators must be the same, no mixing.
                            m_digits->match(text, m_separator->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                            m_digits->interval.size() == 3)
                        {
                            // Thousand separator and three-digit integer followed.
                            this->value = this->value * 1000 + m_digits->value;
                            digit_count += 3;
                            has_separators = true;
                            this->interval.end = m_digits->interval.end;
                            hit_offset = m_separator->hit_offset;
                        }
                    }
 
                    return true;
                }
                this->value = 0;
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_integer10<T>> m_digits;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_set<T>> m_separator;
        };
 
        using integer10ts = basic_integer10ts<char>;
        using winteger10ts = basic_integer10ts<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tinteger10ts = winteger10ts;
#else
        using tinteger10ts = integer10ts;
#endif
        using sgml_integer10ts = basic_integer10ts<char>;
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_integer16 : public basic_integer<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_integer16(
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_0,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_1,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_2,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_3,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_4,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_5,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_6,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_7,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_8,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_9,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_10,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_11,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_12,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_13,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_14,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_15,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_integer<T>(locale),
                m_digit_0(digit_0),
                m_digit_1(digit_1),
                m_digit_2(digit_2),
                m_digit_3(digit_3),
                m_digit_4(digit_4),
                m_digit_5(digit_5),
                m_digit_6(digit_6),
                m_digit_7(digit_7),
                m_digit_8(digit_8),
                m_digit_9(digit_9),
                m_digit_10(digit_10),
                m_digit_11(digit_11),
                m_digit_12(digit_12),
                m_digit_13(digit_13),
                m_digit_14(digit_14),
                m_digit_15(digit_15)
            {}
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                for (this->interval.end = start, this->value = 0; this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end];) {
                    size_t dig;
                    if (m_digit_0->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 0; this->interval.end = m_digit_0->interval.end; }
                    else if (m_digit_1->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 1; this->interval.end = m_digit_1->interval.end; }
                    else if (m_digit_2->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 2; this->interval.end = m_digit_2->interval.end; }
                    else if (m_digit_3->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 3; this->interval.end = m_digit_3->interval.end; }
                    else if (m_digit_4->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 4; this->interval.end = m_digit_4->interval.end; }
                    else if (m_digit_5->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 5; this->interval.end = m_digit_5->interval.end; }
                    else if (m_digit_6->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 6; this->interval.end = m_digit_6->interval.end; }
                    else if (m_digit_7->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 7; this->interval.end = m_digit_7->interval.end; }
                    else if (m_digit_8->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 8; this->interval.end = m_digit_8->interval.end; }
                    else if (m_digit_9->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 9; this->interval.end = m_digit_9->interval.end; }
                    else if (m_digit_10->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 10; this->interval.end = m_digit_10->interval.end; }
                    else if (m_digit_11->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 11; this->interval.end = m_digit_11->interval.end; }
                    else if (m_digit_12->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 12; this->interval.end = m_digit_12->interval.end; }
                    else if (m_digit_13->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 13; this->interval.end = m_digit_13->interval.end; }
                    else if (m_digit_14->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 14; this->interval.end = m_digit_14->interval.end; }
                    else if (m_digit_15->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 15; this->interval.end = m_digit_15->interval.end; }
                    else break;
                    this->value = this->value * 16 + dig;
                }
                if (start < this->interval.end) {
                    this->interval.start = start;
                    return true;
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>
                m_digit_0,
                m_digit_1,
                m_digit_2,
                m_digit_3,
                m_digit_4,
                m_digit_5,
                m_digit_6,
                m_digit_7,
                m_digit_8,
                m_digit_9,
                m_digit_10,
                m_digit_11,
                m_digit_12,
                m_digit_13,
                m_digit_14,
                m_digit_15;
        };
 
        using integer16 = basic_integer16<char>;
        using winteger16 = basic_integer16<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tinteger16 = winteger16;
#else
        using tinteger16 = integer16;
#endif
        using sgml_integer16 = basic_integer16<char>;
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_roman_numeral : public basic_integer<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_roman_numeral(
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_1,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_5,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_10,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_50,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_100,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_500,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_1000,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_5000,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_10000,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_integer<T>(locale),
                m_digit_1(digit_1),
                m_digit_5(digit_5),
                m_digit_10(digit_10),
                m_digit_50(digit_50),
                m_digit_100(digit_100),
                m_digit_500(digit_500),
                m_digit_1000(digit_1000),
                m_digit_5000(digit_5000),
                m_digit_10000(digit_10000)
            {}
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                size_t
                    dig[5] = { SIZE_MAX, SIZE_MAX, SIZE_MAX, SIZE_MAX, SIZE_MAX },
                    end2;
 
                for (this->interval.end = start, this->value = 0; this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end]; dig[3] = dig[2], dig[2] = dig[1], dig[1] = dig[0], this->interval.end = end2) {
                    if (m_digit_1 && m_digit_1->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig[0] = 1; end2 = m_digit_1->interval.end; }
                    else if (m_digit_5 && m_digit_5->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig[0] = 5; end2 = m_digit_5->interval.end; }
                    else if (m_digit_10 && m_digit_10->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig[0] = 10; end2 = m_digit_10->interval.end; }
                    else if (m_digit_50 && m_digit_50->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig[0] = 50; end2 = m_digit_50->interval.end; }
                    else if (m_digit_100 && m_digit_100->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig[0] = 100; end2 = m_digit_100->interval.end; }
                    else if (m_digit_500 && m_digit_500->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig[0] = 500; end2 = m_digit_500->interval.end; }
                    else if (m_digit_1000 && m_digit_1000->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig[0] = 1000; end2 = m_digit_1000->interval.end; }
                    else if (m_digit_5000 && m_digit_5000->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig[0] = 5000; end2 = m_digit_5000->interval.end; }
                    else if (m_digit_10000 && m_digit_10000->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig[0] = 10000; end2 = m_digit_10000->interval.end; }
                    else break;
 
                    // Store first digit.
                    if (dig[4] == SIZE_MAX) dig[4] = dig[0];
 
                    if (dig[3] == dig[2] && dig[2] == dig[1] && dig[1] == dig[0] && dig[0] != dig[4]) {
                        // Same digit repeated four times. No-go, unless first digit. E.g. XIIII vs. XIV. MMMMMCD allowed, IIII also...
                        break;
                    }
                    if (dig[0] <= dig[1]) {
                        // Digit is less or equal previous one: add.
                        this->value += dig[0];
                    }
                    else if (
                        (dig[1] == 1 && (dig[0] == 5 || dig[0] == 10)) ||
                        (dig[1] == 10 && (dig[0] == 50 || dig[0] == 100)) ||
                        (dig[1] == 100 && (dig[0] == 500 || dig[0] == 1000)) ||
                        (dig[1] == 1000 && (dig[0] == 5000 || dig[0] == 10000)))
                    {
                        // Digit is up to two orders bigger than previous one: subtract. But...
                        if (dig[2] < dig[0]) {
                            // Digit is also bigger than pre-previous one. E.g. VIX (V < X => invalid)
                            break;
                        }
                        this->value -= dig[1]; // Cancel addition in the previous step.
                        dig[0] -= dig[1]; // Combine last two digits.
                        dig[1] = dig[2]; // The true previous digit is now pre-previous one. :)
                        dig[2] = dig[3]; // The true pre-previous digit is now pre-pre-previous one. :)
                        this->value += dig[0]; // Add combined value.
                    }
                    else {
                        // New digit is too big than the previous one. E.g. VX (V < X => invalid)
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if (this->value) {
                    this->interval.start = start;
                    return true;
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>
                m_digit_1,
                m_digit_5,
                m_digit_10,
                m_digit_50,
                m_digit_100,
                m_digit_500,
                m_digit_1000,
                m_digit_5000,
                m_digit_10000;
        };
 
        using roman_numeral = basic_roman_numeral<char>;
        using wroman_numeral = basic_roman_numeral<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using troman_numeral = wroman_numeral;
#else
        using troman_numeral = roman_numeral;
#endif
        using sgml_roman_numeral = basic_roman_numeral<char>;
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_fraction : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_fraction(
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _numerator,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _fraction_line,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _denominator,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_parser<T>(locale),
                numerator(_numerator),
                fraction_line(_fraction_line),
                denominator(_denominator)
            {}
 
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                numerator->invalidate();
                fraction_line->invalidate();
                denominator->invalidate();
                basic_parser<T>::invalidate();
            }
 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> numerator;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> fraction_line;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> denominator;
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                if (numerator->match(text, start, end, flags) &&
                    fraction_line->match(text, numerator->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                    denominator->match(text, fraction_line->interval.end, end, flags))
                {
                    this->interval.start = start;
                    this->interval.end = denominator->interval.end;
                    return true;
                }
                numerator->invalidate();
                fraction_line->invalidate();
                denominator->invalidate();
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        using fraction = basic_fraction<char>;
        using wfraction = basic_fraction<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tfraction = wfraction;
#else
        using tfraction = fraction;
#endif
        using sgml_fraction = basic_fraction<char>;
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_score : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_score(
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _home,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _separator,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _guest,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& space,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_parser<T>(locale),
                home(_home),
                separator(_separator),
                guest(_guest),
                m_space(space)
            {}
 
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                home->invalidate();
                separator->invalidate();
                guest->invalidate();
                basic_parser<T>::invalidate();
            }
 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> home;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> separator;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> guest;
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                this->interval.end = start;
 
                const int space_match_flags = flags & ~match_multiline; // Spaces in score must never be broken in new line.
 
                if (home->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                    this->interval.end = home->interval.end;
                else
                    goto end;
 
                for (; m_space->match(text, this->interval.end, end, space_match_flags); this->interval.end = m_space->interval.end);
 
                if (separator->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                    this->interval.end = separator->interval.end;
                else
                    goto end;
 
                for (; m_space->match(text, this->interval.end, end, space_match_flags); this->interval.end = m_space->interval.end);
 
                if (guest->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                    this->interval.end = guest->interval.end;
                else
                    goto end;
 
                this->interval.start = start;
                return true;
 
            end:
                home->invalidate();
                separator->invalidate();
                guest->invalidate();
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_space;
        };
 
        using score = basic_score<char>;
        using wscore = basic_score<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tscore = wscore;
#else
        using tscore = score;
#endif
        using sgml_score = basic_score<char>;
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_signed_numeral : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_signed_numeral(
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _positive_sign,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _negative_sign,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _special_sign,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _number,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_parser<T>(locale),
                positive_sign(_positive_sign),
                negative_sign(_negative_sign),
                special_sign(_special_sign),
                number(_number)
            {}
 
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                if (positive_sign) positive_sign->invalidate();
                if (negative_sign) negative_sign->invalidate();
                if (special_sign) special_sign->invalidate();
                number->invalidate();
                basic_parser<T>::invalidate();
            }
 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> positive_sign; 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> negative_sign; 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> special_sign; 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> number; 
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                this->interval.end = start;
                if (positive_sign && positive_sign->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                    this->interval.end = positive_sign->interval.end;
                    if (negative_sign) negative_sign->invalidate();
                    if (special_sign) special_sign->invalidate();
                }
                else if (negative_sign && negative_sign->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                    this->interval.end = negative_sign->interval.end;
                    if (positive_sign) positive_sign->invalidate();
                    if (special_sign) special_sign->invalidate();
                }
                else if (special_sign && special_sign->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                    this->interval.end = special_sign->interval.end;
                    if (positive_sign) positive_sign->invalidate();
                    if (negative_sign) negative_sign->invalidate();
                }
                else {
                    if (positive_sign) positive_sign->invalidate();
                    if (negative_sign) negative_sign->invalidate();
                    if (special_sign) special_sign->invalidate();
                }
                if (number->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                    this->interval.start = start;
                    this->interval.end = number->interval.end;
                    return true;
                }
                if (positive_sign) positive_sign->invalidate();
                if (negative_sign) negative_sign->invalidate();
                if (special_sign) special_sign->invalidate();
                number->invalidate();
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        using signed_numeral = basic_signed_numeral<char>;
        using wsigned_numeral = basic_signed_numeral<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tsigned_numeral = wsigned_numeral;
#else
        using tsigned_numeral = signed_numeral;
#endif
        using sgml_signed_numeral = basic_signed_numeral<char>;
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_mixed_numeral : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_mixed_numeral(
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _positive_sign,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _negative_sign,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _special_sign,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _integer,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& space,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _fraction,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_parser<T>(locale),
                positive_sign(_positive_sign),
                negative_sign(_negative_sign),
                special_sign(_special_sign),
                integer(_integer),
                fraction(_fraction),
                m_space(space)
            {}
 
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                if (positive_sign) positive_sign->invalidate();
                if (negative_sign) negative_sign->invalidate();
                if (special_sign) special_sign->invalidate();
                integer->invalidate();
                fraction->invalidate();
                basic_parser<T>::invalidate();
            }
 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> positive_sign; 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> negative_sign; 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> special_sign; 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> integer; 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> fraction; 
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                this->interval.end = start;
 
                if (positive_sign && positive_sign->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                    this->interval.end = positive_sign->interval.end;
                    if (negative_sign) negative_sign->invalidate();
                    if (special_sign) special_sign->invalidate();
                }
                else if (negative_sign && negative_sign->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                    this->interval.end = negative_sign->interval.end;
                    if (positive_sign) positive_sign->invalidate();
                    if (special_sign) special_sign->invalidate();
                }
                else if (special_sign && special_sign->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                    this->interval.end = special_sign->interval.end;
                    if (positive_sign) positive_sign->invalidate();
                    if (negative_sign) negative_sign->invalidate();
                }
                else {
                    if (positive_sign) positive_sign->invalidate();
                    if (negative_sign) negative_sign->invalidate();
                    if (special_sign) special_sign->invalidate();
                }
 
                // Check for <integer> <fraction>
                const int space_match_flags = flags & ~match_multiline; // Spaces in fractions must never be broken in new line.
                if (integer->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                    m_space->match(text, integer->interval.end, end, space_match_flags))
                {
                    for (this->interval.end = m_space->interval.end; m_space->match(text, this->interval.end, end, space_match_flags); this->interval.end = m_space->interval.end);
                    if (fraction->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                        this->interval.start = start;
                        this->interval.end = fraction->interval.end;
                        return true;
                    }
                    fraction->invalidate();
                    this->interval.start = start;
                    this->interval.end = integer->interval.end;
                    return true;
                }
 
                // Check for <fraction>
                if (fraction->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                    integer->invalidate();
                    this->interval.start = start;
                    this->interval.end = fraction->interval.end;
                    return true;
                }
 
                // Check for <integer>
                if (integer->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                    fraction->invalidate();
                    this->interval.start = start;
                    this->interval.end = integer->interval.end;
                    return true;
                }
 
                if (positive_sign) positive_sign->invalidate();
                if (negative_sign) negative_sign->invalidate();
                if (special_sign) special_sign->invalidate();
                integer->invalidate();
                fraction->invalidate();
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_space;
        };
 
        using mixed_numeral = basic_mixed_numeral<char>;
        using wmixed_numeral = basic_mixed_numeral<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tmixed_numeral = wmixed_numeral;
#else
        using tmixed_numeral = mixed_numeral;
#endif
        using sgml_mixed_numeral = basic_mixed_numeral<char>;
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_scientific_numeral : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_scientific_numeral(
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _positive_sign,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _negative_sign,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _special_sign,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_integer<T>>& _integer,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _decimal_separator,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_integer<T>>& _decimal,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _exponent_symbol,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _positive_exp_sign,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _negative_exp_sign,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_integer<T>>& _exponent,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_parser<T>(locale),
                positive_sign(_positive_sign),
                negative_sign(_negative_sign),
                special_sign(_special_sign),
                integer(_integer),
                decimal_separator(_decimal_separator),
                decimal(_decimal),
                exponent_symbol(_exponent_symbol),
                positive_exp_sign(_positive_exp_sign),
                negative_exp_sign(_negative_exp_sign),
                exponent(_exponent),
                value(std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN())
            {}
 
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                if (positive_sign) positive_sign->invalidate();
                if (negative_sign) negative_sign->invalidate();
                if (special_sign) special_sign->invalidate();
                integer->invalidate();
                decimal_separator->invalidate();
                decimal->invalidate();
                if (exponent_symbol) exponent_symbol->invalidate();
                if (positive_exp_sign) positive_exp_sign->invalidate();
                if (negative_exp_sign) negative_exp_sign->invalidate();
                if (exponent) exponent->invalidate();
                value = std::numeric_limits<double>::quiet_NaN();
                basic_parser<T>::invalidate();
            }
 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> positive_sign; 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> negative_sign; 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> special_sign; 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_integer<T>> integer; 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> decimal_separator; 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_integer<T>> decimal; 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> exponent_symbol; 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> positive_exp_sign; 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> negative_exp_sign; 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_integer<T>> exponent; 
            double value; 
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                this->interval.end = start;
 
                if (positive_sign && positive_sign->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                    this->interval.end = positive_sign->interval.end;
                    if (negative_sign) negative_sign->invalidate();
                    if (special_sign) special_sign->invalidate();
                }
                else if (negative_sign && negative_sign->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                    this->interval.end = negative_sign->interval.end;
                    if (positive_sign) positive_sign->invalidate();
                    if (special_sign) special_sign->invalidate();
                }
                else if (special_sign && special_sign->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                    this->interval.end = special_sign->interval.end;
                    if (positive_sign) positive_sign->invalidate();
                    if (negative_sign) negative_sign->invalidate();
                }
                else {
                    if (positive_sign) positive_sign->invalidate();
                    if (negative_sign) negative_sign->invalidate();
                    if (special_sign) special_sign->invalidate();
                }
 
                if (integer->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                    this->interval.end = integer->interval.end;
 
                if (decimal_separator->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                    decimal->match(text, decimal_separator->interval.end, end, flags))
                    this->interval.end = decimal->interval.end;
                else {
                    decimal_separator->invalidate();
                    decimal->invalidate();
                }
 
                if (integer->interval.empty() &&
                    decimal->interval.empty())
                {
                    // No integer part, no decimal part.
                    if (positive_sign) positive_sign->invalidate();
                    if (negative_sign) negative_sign->invalidate();
                    if (special_sign) special_sign->invalidate();
                    integer->invalidate();
                    decimal_separator->invalidate();
                    decimal->invalidate();
                    if (exponent_symbol) exponent_symbol->invalidate();
                    if (positive_exp_sign) positive_exp_sign->invalidate();
                    if (negative_exp_sign) negative_exp_sign->invalidate();
                    if (exponent) exponent->invalidate();
                    this->interval.invalidate();
                    return false;
                }
 
                if (exponent_symbol && exponent_symbol->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                    ((positive_exp_sign && positive_exp_sign->match(text, exponent_symbol->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                        exponent && exponent->match(text, positive_exp_sign->interval.end, end, flags)) ||
                        (exponent && exponent->match(text, exponent_symbol->interval.end, end, flags))))
                {
                    this->interval.end = exponent->interval.end;
                    if (negative_exp_sign) negative_exp_sign->invalidate();
                }
                else if (exponent_symbol && exponent_symbol->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                    negative_exp_sign && negative_exp_sign->match(text, exponent_symbol->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                    exponent && exponent->match(text, negative_exp_sign->interval.end, end, flags))
                {
                    this->interval.end = exponent->interval.end;
                    if (positive_exp_sign) positive_exp_sign->invalidate();
                }
                else {
                    if (exponent_symbol) exponent_symbol->invalidate();
                    if (positive_exp_sign) positive_exp_sign->invalidate();
                    if (negative_exp_sign) negative_exp_sign->invalidate();
                    if (exponent) exponent->invalidate();
                }
 
                value = (double)integer->value;
                if (decimal->interval)
                    value += (double)decimal->value * pow(10.0, -(double)decimal->interval.size());
                if (negative_sign && negative_sign->interval)
                    value = -value;
                if (exponent && exponent->interval) {
                    double e = (double)exponent->value;
                    if (negative_exp_sign && negative_exp_sign->interval)
                        e = -e;
                    value *= pow(10.0, e);
                }
 
                this->interval.start = start;
                return true;
            }
        };
 
        using scientific_numeral = basic_scientific_numeral<char>;
        using wscientific_numeral = basic_scientific_numeral<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tscientific_numeral = wscientific_numeral;
#else
        using tscientific_numeral = scientific_numeral;
#endif
        using sgml_scientific_numeral = basic_scientific_numeral<char>;
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_monetary_numeral : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_monetary_numeral(
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _positive_sign,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _negative_sign,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _special_sign,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _currency,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _integer,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _decimal_separator,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _decimal,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_parser<T>(locale),
                positive_sign(_positive_sign),
                negative_sign(_negative_sign),
                special_sign(_special_sign),
                currency(_currency),
                integer(_integer),
                decimal_separator(_decimal_separator),
                decimal(_decimal)
            {}
 
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                if (positive_sign) positive_sign->invalidate();
                if (negative_sign) negative_sign->invalidate();
                if (special_sign) special_sign->invalidate();
                currency->invalidate();
                integer->invalidate();
                decimal_separator->invalidate();
                decimal->invalidate();
                basic_parser<T>::invalidate();
            }
 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> positive_sign; 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> negative_sign; 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> special_sign; 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> currency; 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> integer; 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> decimal_separator; 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> decimal; 
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                this->interval.end = start;
 
                if (positive_sign->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                    this->interval.end = positive_sign->interval.end;
                    if (negative_sign) negative_sign->invalidate();
                    if (special_sign) special_sign->invalidate();
                }
                else if (negative_sign->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                    this->interval.end = negative_sign->interval.end;
                    if (positive_sign) positive_sign->invalidate();
                    if (special_sign) special_sign->invalidate();
                }
                else if (special_sign->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                    this->interval.end = special_sign->interval.end;
                    if (positive_sign) positive_sign->invalidate();
                    if (negative_sign) negative_sign->invalidate();
                }
                else {
                    if (positive_sign) positive_sign->invalidate();
                    if (negative_sign) negative_sign->invalidate();
                    if (special_sign) special_sign->invalidate();
                }
 
                if (currency->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                    this->interval.end = currency->interval.end;
                else {
                    if (positive_sign) positive_sign->invalidate();
                    if (negative_sign) negative_sign->invalidate();
                    if (special_sign) special_sign->invalidate();
                    integer->invalidate();
                    decimal_separator->invalidate();
                    decimal->invalidate();
                    this->interval.invalidate();
                    return false;
                }
 
                if (integer->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                    this->interval.end = integer->interval.end;
                if (decimal_separator->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                    decimal->match(text, decimal_separator->interval.end, end, flags))
                    this->interval.end = decimal->interval.end;
                else {
                    decimal_separator->invalidate();
                    decimal->invalidate();
                }
 
                if (integer->interval.empty() &&
                    decimal->interval.empty())
                {
                    // No integer part, no decimal part.
                    if (positive_sign) positive_sign->invalidate();
                    if (negative_sign) negative_sign->invalidate();
                    if (special_sign) special_sign->invalidate();
                    currency->invalidate();
                    integer->invalidate();
                    decimal_separator->invalidate();
                    decimal->invalidate();
                    this->interval.invalidate();
                    return false;
                }
 
                this->interval.start = start;
                return true;
            }
        };
 
        using monetary_numeral = basic_monetary_numeral<char>;
        using wmonetary_numeral = basic_monetary_numeral<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tmonetary_numeral = wmonetary_numeral;
#else
        using tmonetary_numeral = monetary_numeral;
#endif
        using sgml_monetary_numeral = basic_monetary_numeral<char>;
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_ipv4_address : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_ipv4_address(
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_0,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_1,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_2,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_3,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_4,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_5,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_6,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_7,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_8,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_9,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& separator,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_parser<T>(locale),
                m_digit_0(digit_0),
                m_digit_1(digit_1),
                m_digit_2(digit_2),
                m_digit_3(digit_3),
                m_digit_4(digit_4),
                m_digit_5(digit_5),
                m_digit_6(digit_6),
                m_digit_7(digit_7),
                m_digit_8(digit_8),
                m_digit_9(digit_9),
                m_separator(separator)
            {
                value.s_addr = 0;
            }
 
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                components[0].start = 1;
                components[0].end = 0;
                components[1].start = 1;
                components[1].end = 0;
                components[2].start = 1;
                components[2].end = 0;
                components[3].start = 1;
                components[3].end = 0;
                value.s_addr = 0;
                basic_parser<T>::invalidate();
            }
 
            stdex::interval<size_t> components[4]; 
            struct in_addr value; 
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                this->interval.end = start;
                value.s_addr = 0;
 
                size_t i;
                for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
                    if (i) {
                        if (m_separator->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                            this->interval.end = m_separator->interval.end;
                        else
                            goto error;
                    }
 
                    components[i].start = this->interval.end;
                    bool is_empty = true;
                    size_t x;
                    for (x = 0; this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end];) {
                        size_t dig, digit_end;
                        if (m_digit_0->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 0; digit_end = m_digit_0->interval.end; }
                        else if (m_digit_1->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 1; digit_end = m_digit_1->interval.end; }
                        else if (m_digit_2->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 2; digit_end = m_digit_2->interval.end; }
                        else if (m_digit_3->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 3; digit_end = m_digit_3->interval.end; }
                        else if (m_digit_4->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 4; digit_end = m_digit_4->interval.end; }
                        else if (m_digit_5->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 5; digit_end = m_digit_5->interval.end; }
                        else if (m_digit_6->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 6; digit_end = m_digit_6->interval.end; }
                        else if (m_digit_7->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 7; digit_end = m_digit_7->interval.end; }
                        else if (m_digit_8->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 8; digit_end = m_digit_8->interval.end; }
                        else if (m_digit_9->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 9; digit_end = m_digit_9->interval.end; }
                        else break;
                        size_t x_n = x * 10 + dig;
                        if (x_n <= 255) {
                            x = x_n;
                            this->interval.end = digit_end;
                            is_empty = false;
                        }
                        else
                            break;
                    }
                    if (is_empty)
                        goto error;
                    components[i].end = this->interval.end;
                    value.s_addr = (value.s_addr << 8) | (uint8_t)x;
                }
                if (i < 4)
                    goto error;
 
                HE2BE(reinterpret_cast<uint32_t&>(value.s_addr));
                this->interval.start = start;
                return true;
 
            error:
                invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>
                m_digit_0,
                m_digit_1,
                m_digit_2,
                m_digit_3,
                m_digit_4,
                m_digit_5,
                m_digit_6,
                m_digit_7,
                m_digit_8,
                m_digit_9;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_separator;
        };
 
        using ipv4_address = basic_ipv4_address<char>;
        using wipv4_address = basic_ipv4_address<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tipv4_address = wipv4_address;
#else
        using tipv4_address = ipv4_address;
#endif
        using sgml_ipv4_address = basic_ipv4_address<char>;
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_ipv6_scope_id_char : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_ipv6_scope_id_char(_In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) : basic_parser<T>(locale) {}
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                if (start < end && text[start]) {
                    if (text[start] == '-' ||
                        text[start] == '_' ||
                        text[start] == ':' ||
                        std::use_facet<std::ctype<T>>(this->m_locale).is(std::ctype_base::alnum, text[start]))
                    {
                        this->interval.end = (this->interval.start = start) + 1;
                        return true;
                    }
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        using ipv6_scope_id_char = basic_ipv6_scope_id_char<char>;
        using wipv6_scope_id_char = basic_ipv6_scope_id_char<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tipv6_scope_id_char = wipv6_scope_id_char;
#else
        using tipv6_scope_id_char = ipv6_scope_id_char;
#endif
 
        class sgml_ipv6_scope_id_char : public sgml_parser
        {
        public:
            sgml_ipv6_scope_id_char(_In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) : sgml_parser(locale) {}
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                if (start < end && text[start]) {
                    wchar_t buf[5];
                    const wchar_t* chr = next_sgml_cp(text, start, end, this->interval.end, buf);
                    const wchar_t* chr_end = chr + stdex::strlen(chr);
                    if (((chr[0] == L'-' ||
                        chr[0] == L'_' ||
                        chr[0] == L':') && chr[1] == 0) ||
                        std::use_facet<std::ctype<wchar_t>>(m_locale).scan_not(std::ctype_base::alnum, chr, chr_end) == chr_end)
                    {
                        this->interval.start = start;
                        return true;
                    }
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_ipv6_address : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_ipv6_address(
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_0,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_1,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_2,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_3,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_4,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_5,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_6,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_7,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_8,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_9,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_10,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_11,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_12,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_13,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_14,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit_15,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& separator,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& scope_id_separator = nullptr,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _scope_id = nullptr,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_parser<T>(locale),
                m_digit_0(digit_0),
                m_digit_1(digit_1),
                m_digit_2(digit_2),
                m_digit_3(digit_3),
                m_digit_4(digit_4),
                m_digit_5(digit_5),
                m_digit_6(digit_6),
                m_digit_7(digit_7),
                m_digit_8(digit_8),
                m_digit_9(digit_9),
                m_digit_10(digit_10),
                m_digit_11(digit_11),
                m_digit_12(digit_12),
                m_digit_13(digit_13),
                m_digit_14(digit_14),
                m_digit_15(digit_15),
                m_separator(separator),
                m_scope_id_separator(scope_id_separator),
                scope_id(_scope_id)
            {
                memset(&value, 0, sizeof(value));
            }
 
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                components[0].start = 1;
                components[0].end = 0;
                components[1].start = 1;
                components[1].end = 0;
                components[2].start = 1;
                components[2].end = 0;
                components[3].start = 1;
                components[3].end = 0;
                components[4].start = 1;
                components[4].end = 0;
                components[5].start = 1;
                components[5].end = 0;
                components[6].start = 1;
                components[6].end = 0;
                components[7].start = 1;
                components[7].end = 0;
                memset(&value, 0, sizeof(value));
                if (scope_id) scope_id->invalidate();
                basic_parser<T>::invalidate();
            }
 
            stdex::interval<size_t> components[8]; 
            struct in6_addr value; 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> scope_id; 
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                this->interval.end = start;
                memset(&value, 0, sizeof(value));
 
                size_t i, compaction_i = SIZE_MAX, compaction_start = start;
                for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
                    bool is_empty = true;
 
                    if (m_separator->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                        // : found
                        this->interval.end = m_separator->interval.end;
                        if (m_separator->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                            // :: found
                            if (compaction_i == SIZE_MAX) {
                                // Zero compaction start
                                compaction_i = i;
                                compaction_start = m_separator->interval.start;
                                this->interval.end = m_separator->interval.end;
                            }
                            else {
                                // More than one zero compaction
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                        else if (!i) {
                            // Leading : found
                            goto error;
                        }
                    }
                    else if (i) {
                        // : missing
                        break;
                    }
 
                    components[i].start = this->interval.end;
                    size_t x;
                    for (x = 0; this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end];) {
                        size_t dig, digit_end;
                        if (m_digit_0->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 0; digit_end = m_digit_0->interval.end; }
                        else if (m_digit_1->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 1; digit_end = m_digit_1->interval.end; }
                        else if (m_digit_2->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 2; digit_end = m_digit_2->interval.end; }
                        else if (m_digit_3->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 3; digit_end = m_digit_3->interval.end; }
                        else if (m_digit_4->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 4; digit_end = m_digit_4->interval.end; }
                        else if (m_digit_5->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 5; digit_end = m_digit_5->interval.end; }
                        else if (m_digit_6->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 6; digit_end = m_digit_6->interval.end; }
                        else if (m_digit_7->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 7; digit_end = m_digit_7->interval.end; }
                        else if (m_digit_8->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 8; digit_end = m_digit_8->interval.end; }
                        else if (m_digit_9->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 9; digit_end = m_digit_9->interval.end; }
                        else if (m_digit_10->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 10; digit_end = m_digit_10->interval.end; }
                        else if (m_digit_11->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 11; digit_end = m_digit_11->interval.end; }
                        else if (m_digit_12->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 12; digit_end = m_digit_12->interval.end; }
                        else if (m_digit_13->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 13; digit_end = m_digit_13->interval.end; }
                        else if (m_digit_14->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 14; digit_end = m_digit_14->interval.end; }
                        else if (m_digit_15->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) { dig = 15; digit_end = m_digit_15->interval.end; }
                        else break;
                        size_t x_n = x * 16 + dig;
                        if (x_n <= 0xffff) {
                            x = x_n;
                            this->interval.end = digit_end;
                            is_empty = false;
                        }
                        else
                            break;
                    }
                    if (is_empty) {
                        if (compaction_i != SIZE_MAX) {
                            // Zero compaction active: no sweat.
                            break;
                        }
                        goto error;
                    }
                    components[i].end = this->interval.end;
                    HE2BE(reinterpret_cast<uint16_t&>(this->value.s6_words[i]));
                }
 
                if (compaction_i != SIZE_MAX) {
                    // Align components right due to zero compaction.
                    size_t j, k;
                    for (j = 8, k = i; k > compaction_i;) {
                        this->value.s6_words[--j] = this->value.s6_words[--k];
                        components[j] = components[k];
                    }
                    for (; j > compaction_i;) {
                        this->value.s6_words[--j] = 0;
                        components[j].start =
                            components[j].end = compaction_start;
                    }
                }
                else if (i < 8)
                    goto error;
 
                if (m_scope_id_separator && m_scope_id_separator->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                    scope_id && scope_id->match(text, m_scope_id_separator->interval.end, end, flags))
                    this->interval.end = scope_id->interval.end;
                else if (scope_id)
                    scope_id->invalidate();
 
                this->interval.start = start;
                return true;
 
            error:
                invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>
                m_digit_0,
                m_digit_1,
                m_digit_2,
                m_digit_3,
                m_digit_4,
                m_digit_5,
                m_digit_6,
                m_digit_7,
                m_digit_8,
                m_digit_9,
                m_digit_10,
                m_digit_11,
                m_digit_12,
                m_digit_13,
                m_digit_14,
                m_digit_15;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_separator, m_scope_id_separator;
        };
 
        using ipv6_address = basic_ipv6_address<char>;
        using wipv6_address = basic_ipv6_address<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tipv6_address = wipv6_address;
#else
        using tipv6_address = ipv6_address;
#endif
        using sgml_ipv6_address = basic_ipv6_address<char>;
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_dns_domain_char : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_dns_domain_char(
                _In_ bool allow_idn,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_parser<T>(locale),
                m_allow_idn(allow_idn),
                allow_on_edge(true)
            {}
 
            bool allow_on_edge; 
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                if (start < end && text[start]) {
                    if (('A' <= text[start] && text[start] <= 'Z') ||
                        ('a' <= text[start] && text[start] <= 'z') ||
                        ('0' <= text[start] && text[start] <= '9'))
                        allow_on_edge = true;
                    else if (text[start] == '-')
                        allow_on_edge = false;
                    else if (m_allow_idn && std::use_facet<std::ctype<T>>(this->m_locale).is(std::ctype_base::alnum, text[start]))
                        allow_on_edge = true;
                    else {
                        this->interval.invalidate();
                        return false;
                    }
                    this->interval.end = (this->interval.start = start) + 1;
                    return true;
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            bool m_allow_idn;
        };
 
        using dns_domain_char = basic_dns_domain_char<char>;
        using wdns_domain_char = basic_dns_domain_char<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tdns_domain_char = wdns_domain_char;
#else
        using tdns_domain_char = dns_domain_char;
#endif
 
        class sgml_dns_domain_char : public basic_dns_domain_char<char>
        {
        public:
            sgml_dns_domain_char(
                _In_ bool allow_idn,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_dns_domain_char<char>(allow_idn, locale)
            {}
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                if (start < end && text[start]) {
                    wchar_t buf[5];
                    const wchar_t* chr = next_sgml_cp(text, start, end, this->interval.end, buf);
                    const wchar_t* chr_end = chr + stdex::strlen(chr);
                    if ((('A' <= chr[0] && chr[0] <= 'Z') ||
                        ('a' <= chr[0] && chr[0] <= 'z') ||
                        ('0' <= chr[0] && chr[0] <= '9')) && chr[1] == 0)
                        allow_on_edge = true;
                    else if (chr[0] == '-' && chr[1] == 0)
                        allow_on_edge = false;
                    else if (m_allow_idn && std::use_facet<std::ctype<wchar_t>>(m_locale).scan_not(std::ctype_base::alnum, chr, chr_end) == chr_end)
                        allow_on_edge = true;
                    else {
                        this->interval.invalidate();
                        return false;
                    }
                    this->interval.start = start;
                    return true;
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_dns_name : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_dns_name(
                _In_ bool allow_absolute,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_dns_domain_char<T>>& domain_char,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& separator,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_parser<T>(locale),
                m_allow_absolute(allow_absolute),
                m_domain_char(domain_char),
                m_separator(separator)
            {}
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                size_t i = start, count;
                for (count = 0; i < end && text[i] && count < 127; count++) {
                    if (m_domain_char->match(text, i, end, flags) &&
                        m_domain_char->allow_on_edge)
                    {
                        // Domain start
                        this->interval.end = i = m_domain_char->interval.end;
                        while (i < end && text[i]) {
                            if (m_domain_char->allow_on_edge &&
                                m_separator->match(text, i, end, flags))
                            {
                                // Domain end
                                if (m_allow_absolute)
                                    this->interval.end = i = m_separator->interval.end;
                                else {
                                    this->interval.end = i;
                                    i = m_separator->interval.end;
                                }
                                break;
                            }
                            if (m_domain_char->match(text, i, end, flags)) {
                                if (m_domain_char->allow_on_edge)
                                    this->interval.end = i = m_domain_char->interval.end;
                                else
                                    i = m_domain_char->interval.end;
                            }
                            else {
                                this->interval.start = start;
                                return true;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    else
                        break;
                }
                if (count) {
                    this->interval.start = start;
                    return true;
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            bool m_allow_absolute; 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_dns_domain_char<T>> m_domain_char;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_separator;
        };
 
        using dns_name = basic_dns_name<char>;
        using wdns_name = basic_dns_name<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tdns_name = wdns_name;
#else
        using tdns_name = dns_name;
#endif
        using sgml_dns_name = basic_dns_name<char>;
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_url_username_char : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_url_username_char(_In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) : basic_parser<T>(locale) {}
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                if (start < end && text[start]) {
                    if (text[start] == '-' ||
                        text[start] == '.' ||
                        text[start] == '_' ||
                        text[start] == '~' ||
                        text[start] == '%' ||
                        text[start] == '!' ||
                        text[start] == '$' ||
                        text[start] == '&' ||
                        text[start] == '\'' ||
                        //text[start] == '(' ||
                        //text[start] == ')' ||
                        text[start] == '*' ||
                        text[start] == '+' ||
                        text[start] == ',' ||
                        text[start] == ';' ||
                        text[start] == '=' ||
                        std::use_facet<std::ctype<T>>(this->m_locale).is(std::ctype_base::alnum, text[start]))
                    {
                        this->interval.end = (this->interval.start = start) + 1;
                        return true;
                    }
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        using url_username_char = basic_url_username_char<char>;
        using wurl_username_char = basic_url_username_char<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using turl_username_char = wurl_username_char;
#else
        using turl_username_char = url_username_char;
#endif
 
        class sgml_url_username_char : public basic_url_username_char<char>
        {
        public:
            sgml_url_username_char(_In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) : basic_url_username_char<char>(locale) {}
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                if (start < end && text[start]) {
                    wchar_t buf[5];
                    const wchar_t* chr = next_sgml_cp(text, start, end, this->interval.end, buf);
                    const wchar_t* chr_end = chr + stdex::strlen(chr);
                    if (((chr[0] == L'-' ||
                        chr[0] == L'.' ||
                        chr[0] == L'_' ||
                        chr[0] == L'~' ||
                        chr[0] == L'%' ||
                        chr[0] == L'!' ||
                        chr[0] == L'$' ||
                        chr[0] == L'&' ||
                        chr[0] == L'\'' ||
                        //chr[0] == L'('  ||
                        //chr[0] == L')'  ||
                        chr[0] == L'*' ||
                        chr[0] == L'+' ||
                        chr[0] == L',' ||
                        chr[0] == L';' ||
                        chr[0] == L'=') && chr[1] == 0) ||
                        std::use_facet<std::ctype<wchar_t>>(m_locale).scan_not(std::ctype_base::alnum, chr, chr_end) == chr_end)
                    {
                        this->interval.start = start;
                        return true;
                    }
                }
 
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_url_password_char : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_url_password_char(_In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) : basic_parser<T>(locale) {}
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                if (start < end && text[start]) {
                    if (text[start] == '-' ||
                        text[start] == '.' ||
                        text[start] == '_' ||
                        text[start] == '~' ||
                        text[start] == '%' ||
                        text[start] == '!' ||
                        text[start] == '$' ||
                        text[start] == '&' ||
                        text[start] == '\'' ||
                        text[start] == '(' ||
                        text[start] == ')' ||
                        text[start] == '*' ||
                        text[start] == '+' ||
                        text[start] == ',' ||
                        text[start] == ';' ||
                        text[start] == '=' ||
                        text[start] == ':' ||
                        std::use_facet<std::ctype<T>>(this->m_locale).is(std::ctype_base::alnum, text[start]))
                    {
                        this->interval.end = (this->interval.start = start) + 1;
                        return true;
                    }
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        using url_password_char = basic_url_password_char<char>;
        using wurl_password_char = basic_url_password_char<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using turl_password_char = wurl_password_char;
#else
        using turl_password_char = url_password_char;
#endif
 
        class sgml_url_password_char : public basic_url_password_char<char>
        {
        public:
            sgml_url_password_char(_In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) : basic_url_password_char<char>(locale) {}
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                if (start < end && text[start]) {
                    wchar_t buf[5];
                    const wchar_t* chr = next_sgml_cp(text, start, end, this->interval.end, buf);
                    const wchar_t* chr_end = chr + stdex::strlen(chr);
                    if (((chr[0] == L'-' ||
                        chr[0] == L'.' ||
                        chr[0] == L'_' ||
                        chr[0] == L'~' ||
                        chr[0] == L'%' ||
                        chr[0] == L'!' ||
                        chr[0] == L'$' ||
                        chr[0] == L'&' ||
                        chr[0] == L'\'' ||
                        chr[0] == L'(' ||
                        chr[0] == L')' ||
                        chr[0] == L'*' ||
                        chr[0] == L'+' ||
                        chr[0] == L',' ||
                        chr[0] == L';' ||
                        chr[0] == L'=' ||
                        chr[0] == L':') && chr[1] == 0) ||
                        std::use_facet<std::ctype<wchar_t>>(m_locale).scan_not(std::ctype_base::alnum, chr, chr_end) == chr_end)
                    {
                        this->interval.start = start;
                        return true;
                    }
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_url_path_char : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_url_path_char(_In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) : basic_parser<T>(locale) {}
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                if (start < end && text[start]) {
                    if (text[start] == '/' ||
                        text[start] == '-' ||
                        text[start] == '.' ||
                        text[start] == '_' ||
                        text[start] == '~' ||
                        text[start] == '%' ||
                        text[start] == '!' ||
                        text[start] == '$' ||
                        text[start] == '&' ||
                        text[start] == '\'' ||
                        text[start] == '(' ||
                        text[start] == ')' ||
                        text[start] == '*' ||
                        text[start] == '+' ||
                        text[start] == ',' ||
                        text[start] == ';' ||
                        text[start] == '=' ||
                        text[start] == ':' ||
                        text[start] == '@' ||
                        text[start] == '?' ||
                        text[start] == '#' ||
                        std::use_facet<std::ctype<T>>(this->m_locale).is(std::ctype_base::alnum, text[start]))
                    {
                        this->interval.end = (this->interval.start = start) + 1;
                        return true;
                    }
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        using url_path_char = basic_url_path_char<char>;
        using wurl_path_char = basic_url_path_char<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using turl_path_char = wurl_path_char;
#else
        using turl_path_char = url_path_char;
#endif
 
        class sgml_url_path_char : public basic_url_path_char<char>
        {
        public:
            sgml_url_path_char(_In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) : basic_url_path_char<char>(locale) {}
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                if (start < end && text[start]) {
                    wchar_t buf[5];
                    const wchar_t* chr = next_sgml_cp(text, start, end, this->interval.end, buf);
                    const wchar_t* chr_end = chr + stdex::strlen(chr);
                    if (((chr[0] == L'/' ||
                        chr[0] == L'-' ||
                        chr[0] == L'.' ||
                        chr[0] == L'_' ||
                        chr[0] == L'~' ||
                        chr[0] == L'%' ||
                        chr[0] == L'!' ||
                        chr[0] == L'$' ||
                        chr[0] == L'&' ||
                        chr[0] == L'\'' ||
                        chr[0] == L'(' ||
                        chr[0] == L')' ||
                        chr[0] == L'*' ||
                        chr[0] == L'+' ||
                        chr[0] == L',' ||
                        chr[0] == L';' ||
                        chr[0] == L'=' ||
                        chr[0] == L':' ||
                        chr[0] == L'@' ||
                        chr[0] == L'?' ||
                        chr[0] == L'#') && chr[1] == 0) ||
                        std::use_facet<std::ctype<wchar_t>>(m_locale).scan_not(std::ctype_base::alnum, chr, chr_end) == chr_end)
                    {
                        this->interval.start = start;
                        return true;
                    }
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_url_path : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_url_path(
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& path_char,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& query_start,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& bookmark_start,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_parser<T>(locale),
                m_path_char(path_char),
                m_query_start(query_start),
                m_bookmark_start(bookmark_start)
            {}
 
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                path.start = 1;
                path.end = 0;
                query.start = 1;
                query.end = 0;
                bookmark.start = 1;
                bookmark.end = 0;
                basic_parser<T>::invalidate();
            }
 
            stdex::interval<size_t> path;
            stdex::interval<size_t> query;
            stdex::interval<size_t> bookmark;
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
 
                this->interval.end = start;
                path.start = start;
                query.start = 1;
                query.end = 0;
                bookmark.start = 1;
                bookmark.end = 0;
 
                for (;;) {
                    if (this->interval.end >= end || !text[this->interval.end])
                        break;
                    if (m_query_start->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                        path.end = this->interval.end;
                        query.start = this->interval.end = m_query_start->interval.end;
                        for (;;) {
                            if (this->interval.end >= end || !text[this->interval.end]) {
                                query.end = this->interval.end;
                                break;
                            }
                            if (m_bookmark_start->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                                query.end = this->interval.end;
                                bookmark.start = this->interval.end = m_bookmark_start->interval.end;
                                for (;;) {
                                    if (this->interval.end >= end || !text[this->interval.end]) {
                                        bookmark.end = this->interval.end;
                                        break;
                                    }
                                    if (m_path_char->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                                        this->interval.end = m_path_char->interval.end;
                                    else {
                                        bookmark.end = this->interval.end;
                                        break;
                                    }
                                }
                                this->interval.start = start;
                                return true;
                            }
                            if (m_path_char->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                                this->interval.end = m_path_char->interval.end;
                            else {
                                query.end = this->interval.end;
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                        this->interval.start = start;
                        return true;
                    }
                    if (m_bookmark_start->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                        path.end = this->interval.end;
                        bookmark.start = this->interval.end = m_bookmark_start->interval.end;
                        for (;;) {
                            if (this->interval.end >= end || !text[this->interval.end]) {
                                bookmark.end = this->interval.end;
                                break;
                            }
                            if (m_path_char->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                                this->interval.end = m_path_char->interval.end;
                            else {
                                bookmark.end = this->interval.end;
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                        this->interval.start = start;
                        return true;
                    }
                    if (m_path_char->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                        this->interval.end = m_path_char->interval.end;
                    else
                        break;
                }
 
                if (start < this->interval.end) {
                    path.end = this->interval.end;
                    this->interval.start = start;
                    return true;
                }
 
                path.start = 1;
                path.end = 0;
                bookmark.start = 1;
                bookmark.end = 0;
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_path_char;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_query_start;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_bookmark_start;
        };
 
        using url_path = basic_url_path<char>;
        using wurl_path = basic_url_path<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using turl_path = wurl_path;
#else
        using turl_path = url_path;
#endif
        using sgml_url_path = basic_url_path<char>;
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_url : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_url(
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _http_scheme,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _ftp_scheme,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _mailto_scheme,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _file_scheme,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& colon,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& slash,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _username,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _password,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& at,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& ip_lbracket,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& ip_rbracket,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _ipv4_host,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _ipv6_host,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _dns_host,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _port,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _path,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_parser<T>(locale),
                http_scheme(_http_scheme),
                ftp_scheme(_ftp_scheme),
                mailto_scheme(_mailto_scheme),
                file_scheme(_file_scheme),
                m_colon(colon),
                m_slash(slash),
                username(_username),
                password(_password),
                m_at(at),
                m_ip_lbracket(ip_lbracket),
                m_ip_rbracket(ip_rbracket),
                ipv4_host(_ipv4_host),
                ipv6_host(_ipv6_host),
                dns_host(_dns_host),
                port(_port),
                path(_path)
            {}
 
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                http_scheme->invalidate();
                ftp_scheme->invalidate();
                mailto_scheme->invalidate();
                file_scheme->invalidate();
                username->invalidate();
                password->invalidate();
                ipv4_host->invalidate();
                ipv6_host->invalidate();
                dns_host->invalidate();
                port->invalidate();
                path->invalidate();
                basic_parser<T>::invalidate();
            }
 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> http_scheme;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> ftp_scheme;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> mailto_scheme;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> file_scheme;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> username;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> password;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> ipv4_host;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> ipv6_host;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> dns_host;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> port;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> path;
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
 
                this->interval.end = start;
 
                if (http_scheme->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                    m_colon->match(text, http_scheme->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                    m_slash->match(text, m_colon->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                    m_slash->match(text, m_slash->interval.end, end, flags))
                {
                    // http://
                    this->interval.end = m_slash->interval.end;
                    ftp_scheme->invalidate();
                    mailto_scheme->invalidate();
                    file_scheme->invalidate();
                }
                else if (ftp_scheme->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                    m_colon->match(text, ftp_scheme->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                    m_slash->match(text, m_colon->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                    m_slash->match(text, m_slash->interval.end, end, flags))
                {
                    // ftp://
                    this->interval.end = m_slash->interval.end;
                    http_scheme->invalidate();
                    mailto_scheme->invalidate();
                    file_scheme->invalidate();
                }
                else if (mailto_scheme->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                    m_colon->match(text, mailto_scheme->interval.end, end, flags))
                {
                    // mailto:
                    this->interval.end = m_colon->interval.end;
                    http_scheme->invalidate();
                    ftp_scheme->invalidate();
                    file_scheme->invalidate();
                }
                else if (file_scheme->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                    m_colon->match(text, file_scheme->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                    m_slash->match(text, m_colon->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                    m_slash->match(text, m_slash->interval.end, end, flags))
                {
                    // file://
                    this->interval.end = m_slash->interval.end;
                    http_scheme->invalidate();
                    ftp_scheme->invalidate();
                    mailto_scheme->invalidate();
                }
                else {
                    // Default to http:
                    http_scheme->invalidate();
                    ftp_scheme->invalidate();
                    mailto_scheme->invalidate();
                    file_scheme->invalidate();
                }
 
                if (ftp_scheme->interval) {
                    if (username->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                        if (m_colon->match(text, username->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                            password->match(text, m_colon->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                            m_at->match(text, password->interval.end, end, flags))
                        {
                            // Username and password
                            this->interval.end = m_at->interval.end;
                        }
                        else if (m_at->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                            // Username only
                            this->interval.end = m_at->interval.end;
                            password->invalidate();
                        }
                        else {
                            username->invalidate();
                            password->invalidate();
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        username->invalidate();
                        password->invalidate();
                    }
 
                    if (ipv4_host->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                        // Host is IPv4
                        this->interval.end = ipv4_host->interval.end;
                        ipv6_host->invalidate();
                        dns_host->invalidate();
                    }
                    else if (
                        m_ip_lbracket->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                        ipv6_host->match(text, m_ip_lbracket->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                        m_ip_rbracket->match(text, ipv6_host->interval.end, end, flags))
                    {
                        // Host is IPv6
                        this->interval.end = m_ip_rbracket->interval.end;
                        ipv4_host->invalidate();
                        dns_host->invalidate();
                    }
                    else if (dns_host->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                        // Host is hostname
                        this->interval.end = dns_host->interval.end;
                        ipv4_host->invalidate();
                        ipv6_host->invalidate();
                    }
                    else {
                        invalidate();
                        return false;
                    }
 
                    if (m_colon->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                        port->match(text, m_colon->interval.end, end, flags))
                    {
                        // Port
                        this->interval.end = port->interval.end;
                    }
                    else
                        port->invalidate();
 
                    if (path->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                        // Path
                        this->interval.end = path->interval.end;
                    }
 
                    this->interval.start = start;
                    return true;
                }
 
                if (mailto_scheme->interval) {
                    if (username->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                        m_at->match(text, username->interval.end, end, flags))
                    {
                        // Username
                        this->interval.end = m_at->interval.end;
                    }
                    else {
                        invalidate();
                        return false;
                    }
 
                    if (m_ip_lbracket->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                        ipv4_host->match(text, m_ip_lbracket->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                        m_ip_rbracket->match(text, ipv4_host->interval.end, end, flags))
                    {
                        // Host is IPv4
                        this->interval.end = m_ip_rbracket->interval.end;
                        ipv6_host->invalidate();
                        dns_host->invalidate();
                    }
                    else if (
                        m_ip_lbracket->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                        ipv6_host->match(text, m_ip_lbracket->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                        m_ip_rbracket->match(text, ipv6_host->interval.end, end, flags))
                    {
                        // Host is IPv6
                        this->interval.end = m_ip_rbracket->interval.end;
                        ipv4_host->invalidate();
                        dns_host->invalidate();
                    }
                    else if (dns_host->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                        // Host is hostname
                        this->interval.end = dns_host->interval.end;
                        ipv4_host->invalidate();
                        ipv6_host->invalidate();
                    }
                    else {
                        invalidate();
                        return false;
                    }
 
                    password->invalidate();
                    port->invalidate();
                    path->invalidate();
                    this->interval.start = start;
                    return true;
                }
 
                if (file_scheme->interval) {
                    if (path->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                        // Path
                        this->interval.end = path->interval.end;
                    }
 
                    username->invalidate();
                    password->invalidate();
                    ipv4_host->invalidate();
                    ipv6_host->invalidate();
                    dns_host->invalidate();
                    port->invalidate();
                    this->interval.start = start;
                    return true;
                }
 
                // "http://" found or defaulted to
 
                // If "http://" explicit, test for username&password.
                if (http_scheme->interval &&
                    username->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                {
                    if (m_colon->match(text, username->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                        password->match(text, m_colon->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                        m_at->match(text, password->interval.end, end, flags))
                    {
                        // Username and password
                        this->interval.end = m_at->interval.end;
                    }
                    else if (m_at->match(text, username->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                        // Username only
                        this->interval.end = m_at->interval.end;
                        password->invalidate();
                    }
                    else {
                        username->invalidate();
                        password->invalidate();
                    }
                }
                else {
                    username->invalidate();
                    password->invalidate();
                }
 
                if (ipv4_host->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                    // Host is IPv4
                    this->interval.end = ipv4_host->interval.end;
                    ipv6_host->invalidate();
                    dns_host->invalidate();
                }
                else if (
                    m_ip_lbracket->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                    ipv6_host->match(text, m_ip_lbracket->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                    m_ip_rbracket->match(text, ipv6_host->interval.end, end, flags))
                {
                    // Host is IPv6
                    this->interval.end = m_ip_rbracket->interval.end;
                    ipv4_host->invalidate();
                    dns_host->invalidate();
                }
                else if (dns_host->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                    // Host is hostname
                    this->interval.end = dns_host->interval.end;
                    ipv4_host->invalidate();
                    ipv6_host->invalidate();
                }
                else {
                    invalidate();
                    return false;
                }
 
                if (m_colon->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                    port->match(text, m_colon->interval.end, end, flags))
                {
                    // Port
                    this->interval.end = port->interval.end;
                }
                else
                    port->invalidate();
 
                if (path->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                    // Path
                    this->interval.end = path->interval.end;
                }
 
                this->interval.start = start;
                return true;
            }
 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_colon;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_slash;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_at;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_ip_lbracket;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_ip_rbracket;
        };
 
        using url = basic_url<char>;
        using wurl = basic_url<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using turl = wurl;
#else
        using turl = url;
#endif
        using sgml_url = basic_url<char>;
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_email_address : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_email_address(
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _username,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& at,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& ip_lbracket,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& ip_rbracket,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _ipv4_host,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _ipv6_host,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _dns_host,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_parser<T>(locale),
                username(_username),
                m_at(at),
                m_ip_lbracket(ip_lbracket),
                m_ip_rbracket(ip_rbracket),
                ipv4_host(_ipv4_host),
                ipv6_host(_ipv6_host),
                dns_host(_dns_host)
            {}
 
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                username->invalidate();
                ipv4_host->invalidate();
                ipv6_host->invalidate();
                dns_host->invalidate();
                basic_parser<T>::invalidate();
            }
 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> username;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> ipv4_host;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> ipv6_host;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> dns_host;
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
 
                if (username->match(text, start, end, flags) &&
                    m_at->match(text, username->interval.end, end, flags))
                {
                    // Username@
                    if (m_ip_lbracket->match(text, m_at->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                        ipv4_host->match(text, m_ip_lbracket->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                        m_ip_rbracket->match(text, ipv4_host->interval.end, end, flags))
                    {
                        // Host is IPv4
                        this->interval.end = m_ip_rbracket->interval.end;
                        ipv6_host->invalidate();
                        dns_host->invalidate();
                    }
                    else if (
                        m_ip_lbracket->match(text, m_at->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                        ipv6_host->match(text, m_ip_lbracket->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                        m_ip_rbracket->match(text, ipv6_host->interval.end, end, flags))
                    {
                        // Host is IPv6
                        this->interval.end = m_ip_rbracket->interval.end;
                        ipv4_host->invalidate();
                        dns_host->invalidate();
                    }
                    else if (dns_host->match(text, m_at->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                        // Host is hostname
                        this->interval.end = dns_host->interval.end;
                        ipv4_host->invalidate();
                        ipv6_host->invalidate();
                    }
                    else
                        goto error;
                    this->interval.start = start;
                    return true;
                }
 
            error:
                invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_at;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_ip_lbracket;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_ip_rbracket;
        };
 
        using email_address = basic_email_address<char>;
        using wemail_address = basic_email_address<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using temail_address = wemail_address;
#else
        using temail_address = email_address;
#endif
        using sgml_email_address = basic_email_address<char>;
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_emoticon : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_emoticon(
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _emoticon,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _apex,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _eyes,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _nose,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_set<T>>& _mouth,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_parser<T>(locale),
                emoticon(_emoticon),
                apex(_apex),
                eyes(_eyes),
                nose(_nose),
                mouth(_mouth)
            {}
 
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                if (emoticon) emoticon->invalidate();
                if (apex) apex->invalidate();
                eyes->invalidate();
                if (nose) nose->invalidate();
                mouth->invalidate();
                basic_parser<T>::invalidate();
            }
 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> emoticon; 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> apex; 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> eyes; 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> nose; 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_set<T>> mouth; 
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
 
                if (emoticon && emoticon->match(text, start, end, flags)) {
                    if (apex) apex->invalidate();
                    eyes->invalidate();
                    if (nose) nose->invalidate();
                    mouth->invalidate();
                    this->interval.start = start;
                    this->interval.end = emoticon->interval.end;
                    return true;
                }
 
                this->interval.end = start;
 
                if (apex && apex->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                    this->interval.end = apex->interval.end;
 
                if (eyes->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                    if (nose && nose->match(text, eyes->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                        mouth->match(text, nose->interval.end, end, flags))
                    {
                        size_t
                            start_mouth = mouth->interval.start,
                            hit_offset = mouth->hit_offset;
                        // Mouth may repeat :-)))))))
                        for (this->interval.end = mouth->interval.end; mouth->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) && mouth->hit_offset == hit_offset; this->interval.end = mouth->interval.end);
                        mouth->interval.start = start_mouth;
                        mouth->interval.end = this->interval.end;
                        this->interval.start = start;
                        return true;
                    }
                    if (mouth->match(text, eyes->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                        size_t
                            start_mouth = mouth->interval.start,
                            hit_offset = mouth->hit_offset;
                        // Mouth may repeat :-)))))))
                        for (this->interval.end = mouth->interval.end; mouth->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) && mouth->hit_offset == hit_offset; this->interval.end = mouth->interval.end);
                        if (nose) nose->invalidate();
                        mouth->interval.start = start_mouth;
                        mouth->interval.end = this->interval.end;
                        this->interval.start = start;
                        return true;
                    }
                }
 
                if (emoticon) emoticon->invalidate();
                if (apex) apex->invalidate();
                eyes->invalidate();
                if (nose) nose->invalidate();
                mouth->invalidate();
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        using emoticon = basic_emoticon<char>;
        using wemoticon = basic_emoticon<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using temoticon = wemoticon;
#else
        using temoticon = emoticon;
#endif
        using sgml_emoticon = basic_emoticon<char>;
 
        enum date_format_t {
            date_format_none = 0,
            date_format_dmy = 0x1,
            date_format_mdy = 0x2,
            date_format_ymd = 0x4,
            date_format_ym = 0x8,
            date_format_my = 0x10,
            date_format_dm = 0x20,
            date_format_md = 0x40,
        };
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_date : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_date(
                _In_ int format_mask,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_integer<T>>& _day,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_integer<T>>& _month,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_integer<T>>& _year,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_set<T>>& separator,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& space,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_parser<T>(locale),
                format(date_format_none),
                m_format_mask(format_mask),
                day(_day),
                month(_month),
                year(_year),
                m_separator(separator),
                m_space(space)
            {}
 
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                if (day) day->invalidate();
                if (month) month->invalidate();
                if (year) year->invalidate();
                format = date_format_none;
                basic_parser<T>::invalidate();
            }
 
            date_format_t format;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_integer<T>> day;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_integer<T>> month;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_integer<T>> year;
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
 
                const int space_match_flags = flags & ~match_multiline; // Spaces in dates must never be broken in new line.
                if ((m_format_mask & date_format_dmy) == date_format_dmy) {
                    if (day->match(text, start, end, flags)) {
                        for (this->interval.end = day->interval.end; m_space->match(text, this->interval.end, end, space_match_flags); this->interval.end = m_space->interval.end);
                        if (m_separator->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                            size_t hit_offset = m_separator->hit_offset;
                            for (this->interval.end = m_separator->interval.end; m_space->match(text, this->interval.end, end, space_match_flags); this->interval.end = m_space->interval.end);
                            if (month->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                                for (this->interval.end = month->interval.end; m_space->match(text, this->interval.end, end, space_match_flags); this->interval.end = m_space->interval.end);
                                if (m_separator->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                                    m_separator->hit_offset == hit_offset) // Both separators must match.
                                {
                                    for (this->interval.end = m_separator->interval.end; m_space->match(text, this->interval.end, end, space_match_flags); this->interval.end = m_space->interval.end);
                                    if (year->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                                        is_valid(day->value, month->value))
                                    {
                                        this->interval.start = start;
                                        this->interval.end = year->interval.end;
                                        format = date_format_dmy;
                                        return true;
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
 
                if ((m_format_mask & date_format_mdy) == date_format_mdy) {
                    if (month->match(text, start, end, flags)) {
                        for (this->interval.end = month->interval.end; m_space->match(text, this->interval.end, end, space_match_flags); this->interval.end = m_space->interval.end);
                        if (m_separator->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                            size_t hit_offset = m_separator->hit_offset;
                            for (this->interval.end = m_separator->interval.end; m_space->match(text, this->interval.end, end, space_match_flags); this->interval.end = m_space->interval.end);
                            if (day->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                                for (this->interval.end = day->interval.end; m_space->match(text, this->interval.end, end, space_match_flags); this->interval.end = m_space->interval.end);
                                if (m_separator->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                                    m_separator->hit_offset == hit_offset) // Both separators must match.
                                {
                                    for (this->interval.end = m_separator->interval.end; m_space->match(text, this->interval.end, end, space_match_flags); this->interval.end = m_space->interval.end);
                                    if (year->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                                        is_valid(day->value, month->value))
                                    {
                                        this->interval.start = start;
                                        this->interval.end = year->interval.end;
                                        format = date_format_mdy;
                                        return true;
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
 
                if ((m_format_mask & date_format_ymd) == date_format_ymd) {
                    if (year->match(text, start, end, flags)) {
                        for (this->interval.end = year->interval.end; m_space->match(text, this->interval.end, end, space_match_flags); this->interval.end = m_space->interval.end);
                        if (m_separator->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                            size_t hit_offset = m_separator->hit_offset;
                            for (this->interval.end = m_separator->interval.end; m_space->match(text, this->interval.end, end, space_match_flags); this->interval.end = m_space->interval.end);
                            if (month->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                                for (this->interval.end = month->interval.end; m_space->match(text, this->interval.end, end, space_match_flags); this->interval.end = m_space->interval.end);
                                if (m_separator->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                                    m_separator->hit_offset == hit_offset) // Both separators must match.
                                {
                                    for (this->interval.end = m_separator->interval.end; m_space->match(text, this->interval.end, end, space_match_flags); this->interval.end = m_space->interval.end);
                                    if (day->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                                        is_valid(day->value, month->value))
                                    {
                                        this->interval.start = start;
                                        this->interval.end = day->interval.end;
                                        format = date_format_ymd;
                                        return true;
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
 
                if ((m_format_mask & date_format_ym) == date_format_ym) {
                    if (year->match(text, start, end, flags)) {
                        for (this->interval.end = year->interval.end; m_space->match(text, this->interval.end, end, space_match_flags); this->interval.end = m_space->interval.end);
                        if (m_separator->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                            for (this->interval.end = m_separator->interval.end; m_space->match(text, this->interval.end, end, space_match_flags); this->interval.end = m_space->interval.end);
                            if (month->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                                is_valid(SIZE_MAX, month->value))
                            {
                                if (day) day->invalidate();
                                this->interval.start = start;
                                this->interval.end = month->interval.end;
                                format = date_format_ym;
                                return true;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
 
                if ((m_format_mask & date_format_my) == date_format_my) {
                    if (month->match(text, start, end, flags)) {
                        for (this->interval.end = month->interval.end; m_space->match(text, this->interval.end, end, space_match_flags); this->interval.end = m_space->interval.end);
                        if (m_separator->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                            for (this->interval.end = m_separator->interval.end; m_space->match(text, this->interval.end, end, space_match_flags); this->interval.end = m_space->interval.end);
                            if (year->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                                is_valid(SIZE_MAX, month->value))
                            {
                                if (day) day->invalidate();
                                this->interval.start = start;
                                this->interval.end = year->interval.end;
                                format = date_format_my;
                                return true;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
 
                if ((m_format_mask & date_format_dm) == date_format_dm) {
                    if (day->match(text, start, end, flags)) {
                        for (this->interval.end = day->interval.end; m_space->match(text, this->interval.end, end, space_match_flags); this->interval.end = m_space->interval.end);
                        if (m_separator->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                            size_t hit_offset = m_separator->hit_offset;
                            for (this->interval.end = m_separator->interval.end; m_space->match(text, this->interval.end, end, space_match_flags); this->interval.end = m_space->interval.end);
                            if (month->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                                is_valid(day->value, month->value))
                            {
                                if (year) year->invalidate();
                                this->interval.start = start;
                                for (this->interval.end = month->interval.end; m_space->match(text, this->interval.end, end, space_match_flags); this->interval.end = m_space->interval.end);
                                if (m_separator->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                                    m_separator->hit_offset == hit_offset) // Both separators must match.
                                    this->interval.end = m_separator->interval.end;
                                else
                                    this->interval.end = month->interval.end;
                                format = date_format_dm;
                                return true;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
 
                if ((m_format_mask & date_format_md) == date_format_md) {
                    if (month->match(text, start, end, flags)) {
                        for (this->interval.end = month->interval.end; m_space->match(text, this->interval.end, end, space_match_flags); this->interval.end = m_space->interval.end);
                        if (m_separator->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                            size_t hit_offset = m_separator->hit_offset;
                            for (this->interval.end = m_separator->interval.end; m_space->match(text, this->interval.end, end, space_match_flags); this->interval.end = m_space->interval.end);
                            if (day->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                                is_valid(day->value, month->value))
                            {
                                if (year) year->invalidate();
                                this->interval.start = start;
                                for (this->interval.end = day->interval.end; m_space->match(text, this->interval.end, end, space_match_flags); this->interval.end = m_space->interval.end);
                                if (m_separator->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                                    m_separator->hit_offset == hit_offset) // Both separators must match.
                                    this->interval.end = m_separator->interval.end;
                                else
                                    this->interval.end = day->interval.end;
                                format = date_format_md;
                                return true;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
 
                if (day) day->invalidate();
                if (month) month->invalidate();
                if (year) year->invalidate();
                format = date_format_none;
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            static bool is_valid(size_t day, size_t month)
            {
                if (month == SIZE_MAX) {
                    // Default to January. This allows validating day only, as January has all 31 days.
                    month = 1;
                }
                if (day == SIZE_MAX) {
                    // Default to 1st day in month. This allows validating month only, as each month has 1st day.
                    day = 1;
                }
 
                switch (month) {
                case 1:
                case 3:
                case 5:
                case 7:
                case 8:
                case 10:
                case 12:
                    return 1 <= day && day <= 31;
                case 2:
                    return 1 <= day && day <= 29;
                case 4:
                case 6:
                case 9:
                case 11:
                    return 1 <= day && day <= 30;
                default:
                    return false;
                }
            }
 
            int m_format_mask;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_set<T>> m_separator;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_space;
        };
 
        using date = basic_date<char>;
        using wdate = basic_date<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tdate = wdate;
#else
        using tdate = date;
#endif
        using sgml_date = basic_date<char>;
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_time : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_time(
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_integer10<T>>& _hour,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_integer10<T>>& _minute,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_integer10<T>>& _second,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_integer10<T>>& _millisecond,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_set<T>>& separator,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& millisecond_separator,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_parser<T>(locale),
                hour(_hour),
                minute(_minute),
                second(_second),
                millisecond(_millisecond),
                m_separator(separator),
                m_millisecond_separator(millisecond_separator)
            {}
 
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                hour->invalidate();
                minute->invalidate();
                if (second) second->invalidate();
                if (millisecond) millisecond->invalidate();
                basic_parser<T>::invalidate();
            }
 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_integer10<T>> hour;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_integer10<T>> minute;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_integer10<T>> second;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_integer10<T>> millisecond;
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
 
                if (hour->match(text, start, end, flags) &&
                    m_separator->match(text, hour->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                    minute->match(text, m_separator->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                    minute->value < 60)
                {
                    // hh::mm
                    size_t hit_offset = m_separator->hit_offset;
                    if (m_separator->match(text, minute->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                        m_separator->hit_offset == hit_offset && // Both separators must match.
                        second && second->match(text, m_separator->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                        second->value < 60)
                    {
                        // hh::mm:ss
                        if (m_millisecond_separator && m_millisecond_separator->match(text, second->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                            millisecond && millisecond->match(text, m_millisecond_separator->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                            millisecond->value < 1000)
                        {
                            // hh::mm:ss.mmmm
                            this->interval.end = millisecond->interval.end;
                        }
                        else {
                            if (millisecond) millisecond->invalidate();
                            this->interval.end = second->interval.end;
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        if (second) second->invalidate();
                        if (millisecond) millisecond->invalidate();
                        this->interval.end = minute->interval.end;
                    }
                    this->interval.start = start;
                    return true;
                }
 
                hour->invalidate();
                minute->invalidate();
                if (second) second->invalidate();
                if (millisecond) millisecond->invalidate();
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_set<T>> m_separator;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_millisecond_separator;
        };
 
        using time = basic_time<char>;
        using wtime = basic_time<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using ttime = wtime;
#else
        using ttime = time;
#endif
        using sgml_time = basic_time<char>;
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_angle : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_angle(
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_integer10<T>>& _degree,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _degree_separator,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_integer10<T>>& _minute,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _minute_separator,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_integer10<T>>& _second,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _second_separator,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& _decimal,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_parser<T>(locale),
                degree(_degree),
                degree_separator(_degree_separator),
                minute(_minute),
                minute_separator(_minute_separator),
                second(_second),
                second_separator(_second_separator),
                decimal(_decimal)
            {}
 
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                degree->invalidate();
                degree_separator->invalidate();
                minute->invalidate();
                minute_separator->invalidate();
                if (second) second->invalidate();
                if (second_separator) second_separator->invalidate();
                if (decimal) decimal->invalidate();
                basic_parser<T>::invalidate();
            }
 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_integer10<T>> degree;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> degree_separator;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_integer10<T>> minute;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> minute_separator;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_integer10<T>> second;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> second_separator;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> decimal;
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
 
                this->interval.end = start;
 
                if (degree->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                    degree_separator->match(text, degree->interval.end, end, flags))
                {
                    // Degrees
                    this->interval.end = degree_separator->interval.end;
                }
                else {
                    degree->invalidate();
                    degree_separator->invalidate();
                }
 
                if (minute->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                    minute->value < 60 &&
                    minute_separator->match(text, minute->interval.end, end, flags))
                {
                    // Minutes
                    this->interval.end = minute_separator->interval.end;
                }
                else {
                    minute->invalidate();
                    minute_separator->invalidate();
                }
 
                if (second && second->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                    second->value < 60)
                {
                    // Seconds
                    this->interval.end = second->interval.end;
                    if (second_separator && second_separator->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                        this->interval.end = second_separator->interval.end;
                    else
                        if (second_separator) second_separator->invalidate();
                }
                else {
                    if (second) second->invalidate();
                    if (second_separator) second_separator->invalidate();
                }
 
                if (degree->interval.start < degree->interval.end ||
                    minute->interval.start < minute->interval.end ||
                    (second && second->interval.start < second->interval.end))
                {
                    if (decimal && decimal->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                        // Decimals
                        this->interval.end = decimal->interval.end;
                    }
                    else if (decimal)
                        decimal->invalidate();
                    this->interval.start = start;
                    return true;
                }
                if (decimal) decimal->invalidate();
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        using angle = basic_angle<char>;
        using wangle = basic_angle<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using RRegElKot = wangle;
#else
        using RRegElKot = angle;
#endif
        using sgml_angle = basic_angle<char>;
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_phone_number : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_phone_number(
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& plus_sign,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_set<T>>& lparenthesis,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_set<T>>& rparenthesis,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& separator,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& space,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_parser<T>(locale),
                m_digit(digit),
                m_plus_sign(plus_sign),
                m_lparenthesis(lparenthesis),
                m_rparenthesis(rparenthesis),
                m_separator(separator),
                m_space(space)
            {}
 
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                value.clear();
                basic_parser<T>::invalidate();
            }
 
            std::basic_string<T> value; 
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
 
                size_t safe_digit_end = start, safe_value_size = 0;
                bool has_digits = false, after_digit = false, in_parentheses = false, after_parentheses = false;
                const int space_match_flags = flags & ~match_multiline; // Spaces in phone numbers must never be broken in new line.
 
                this->interval.end = start;
                value.clear();
                m_lparenthesis->invalidate();
                m_rparenthesis->invalidate();
 
                if (m_plus_sign && m_plus_sign->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                    value.append(text + m_plus_sign->interval.start, text + m_plus_sign->interval.end);
                    safe_value_size = value.size();
                    this->interval.end = m_plus_sign->interval.end;
                }
 
                for (;;) {
                    stdex_assert(text || this->interval.end >= end);
                    if (this->interval.end >= end || !text[this->interval.end])
                        break;
                    if (m_digit->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                        // Digit
                        value.append(text + m_digit->interval.start, text + m_digit->interval.end);
                        this->interval.end = m_digit->interval.end;
                        if (!in_parentheses) {
                            safe_digit_end = this->interval.end;
                            safe_value_size = value.size();
                            has_digits = true;
                        }
                        after_digit = true;
                        after_parentheses = false;
                    }
                    else if (
                        m_lparenthesis && !m_lparenthesis->interval && // No left parenthesis yet
                        m_rparenthesis && !m_rparenthesis->interval && // Right parenthesis after left
                        m_lparenthesis->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                    {
                        // Left parenthesis
                        value.append(text + m_lparenthesis->interval.start, m_lparenthesis->interval.size());
                        this->interval.end = m_lparenthesis->interval.end;
                        in_parentheses = true;
                        after_digit = false;
                        after_parentheses = false;
                    }
                    else if (
                        in_parentheses && // After left parenthesis
                        m_rparenthesis && !m_rparenthesis->interval && // No right parenthesis yet
                        m_rparenthesis->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                        m_lparenthesis->hit_offset == m_rparenthesis->hit_offset) // Left and right parentheses must match
                    {
                        // Right parenthesis
                        value.append(text + m_rparenthesis->interval.start, text + m_rparenthesis->interval.end);
                        this->interval.end = m_rparenthesis->interval.end;
                        safe_digit_end = this->interval.end;
                        safe_value_size = value.size();
                        in_parentheses = false;
                        after_digit = false;
                        after_parentheses = true;
                    }
                    else if (
                        after_digit &&
                        !in_parentheses && // No separators inside parentheses
                        !after_parentheses && // No separators following right parenthesis
                        m_separator && m_separator->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                    {
                        // Separator
                        this->interval.end = m_separator->interval.end;
                        after_digit = false;
                        after_parentheses = false;
                    }
                    else if (
                        (after_digit || after_parentheses) &&
                        m_space && m_space->match(text, this->interval.end, end, space_match_flags))
                    {
                        // Space
                        this->interval.end = m_space->interval.end;
                        after_digit = false;
                        after_parentheses = false;
                    }
                    else
                        break;
                }
                if (has_digits) {
                    value.erase(safe_value_size);
                    this->interval.start = start;
                    this->interval.end = safe_digit_end;
                    return true;
                }
                value.clear();
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_digit;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_plus_sign;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_set<T>> m_lparenthesis;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_set<T>> m_rparenthesis;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_separator;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_space;
        };
 
        using phone_number = basic_phone_number<char>;
        using wphone_number = basic_phone_number<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tphone_number = wphone_number;
#else
        using tphone_number = phone_number;
#endif
        using sgml_phone_number = basic_phone_number<char>;
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_iban : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_iban(
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& space,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_parser<T>(locale),
                m_space(space)
            {
                this->country[0] = 0;
                this->check_digits[0] = 0;
                this->bban[0] = 0;
                this->is_valid = false;
            }
 
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                this->country[0] = 0;
                this->check_digits[0] = 0;
                this->bban[0] = 0;
                this->is_valid = false;
                basic_parser<T>::invalidate();
            }
 
            T country[3];      
            T check_digits[3]; 
            T bban[31];        
            bool is_valid;     
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                const auto& ctype = std::use_facet<std::ctype<T>>(this->m_locale);
                const bool case_insensitive = flags & match_case_insensitive ? true : false;
                struct country_t {
                    T country[2];
                    T check_digits[2];
                    size_t length;
                };
                static const country_t s_countries[] = {
                    { { 'A', 'D' }, {}, 24 }, // Andorra
                    { { 'A', 'E' }, {}, 23 }, // United Arab Emirates
                    { { 'A', 'L' }, {}, 28 }, // Albania
                    { { 'A', 'O' }, {}, 25 }, // Angola
                    { { 'A', 'T' }, {}, 20 }, // Austria
                    { { 'A', 'Z' }, {}, 28 }, // Azerbaijan
                    { { 'B', 'A' }, { '3', '9' }, 20}, // Bosnia and Herzegovina
                    { { 'B', 'E' }, {}, 16 }, // Belgium
                    { { 'B', 'F' }, {}, 28 }, // Burkina Faso
                    { { 'B', 'G' }, {}, 22 }, // Bulgaria
                    { { 'B', 'H' }, {}, 22 }, // Bahrain
                    { { 'B', 'I' }, {}, 27 }, // Burundi
                    { { 'B', 'J' }, {}, 28 }, // Benin
                    { { 'B', 'R' }, {}, 29 }, // Brazil
                    { { 'B', 'Y' }, {}, 28 }, // Belarus
                    { { 'C', 'F' }, {}, 27 }, // Central African Republic
                    { { 'C', 'G' }, {}, 27 }, // Congo, Republic of the
                    { { 'C', 'H' }, {}, 21 }, // Switzerland
                    { { 'C', 'I' }, {}, 28 }, // Côte d'Ivoire
                    { { 'C', 'M' }, {}, 27 }, // Cameroon
                    { { 'C', 'R' }, {}, 22 }, // Costa Rica
                    { { 'C', 'V' }, {}, 25 }, // Cabo Verde
                    { { 'C', 'Y' }, {}, 28 }, // Cyprus
                    { { 'C', 'Z' }, {}, 24 }, // Czech Republic
                    { { 'D', 'E' }, {}, 22 }, // Germany
                    { { 'D', 'J' }, {}, 27 }, // Djibouti
                    { { 'D', 'K' }, {}, 18 }, // Denmark
                    { { 'D', 'O' }, {}, 28 }, // Dominican Republic
                    { { 'D', 'Z' }, {}, 26 }, // Algeria
                    { { 'E', 'E' }, {}, 20 }, // Estonia
                    { { 'E', 'G' }, {}, 29 }, // Egypt
                    { { 'E', 'S' }, {}, 24 }, // Spain
                    { { 'F', 'I' }, {}, 18 }, // Finland
                    { { 'F', 'O' }, {}, 18 }, // Faroe Islands
                    { { 'F', 'R' }, {}, 27 }, // France
                    { { 'G', 'A' }, {}, 27 }, // Gabon
                    { { 'G', 'B' }, {}, 22 }, // United Kingdom
                    { { 'G', 'E' }, {}, 22 }, // Georgia
                    { { 'G', 'I' }, {}, 23 }, // Gibraltar
                    { { 'G', 'L' }, {}, 18 }, // Greenland
                    { { 'G', 'Q' }, {}, 27 }, // Equatorial Guinea
                    { { 'G', 'R' }, {}, 27 }, // Greece
                    { { 'G', 'T' }, {}, 28 }, // Guatemala
                    { { 'G', 'W' }, {}, 25 }, // Guinea-Bissau
                    { { 'H', 'N' }, {}, 28 }, // Honduras
                    { { 'H', 'R' }, {}, 21 }, // Croatia
                    { { 'H', 'U' }, {}, 28 }, // Hungary
                    { { 'I', 'E' }, {}, 22 }, // Ireland
                    { { 'I', 'L' }, {}, 23 }, // Israel
                    { { 'I', 'Q' }, {}, 23 }, // Iraq
                    { { 'I', 'R' }, {}, 26 }, // Iran
                    { { 'I', 'S' }, {}, 26 }, // Iceland
                    { { 'I', 'T' }, {}, 27 }, // Italy
                    { { 'J', 'O' }, {}, 30 }, // Jordan
                    { { 'K', 'M' }, {}, 27 }, // Comoros
                    { { 'K', 'W' }, {}, 30 }, // Kuwait
                    { { 'K', 'Z' }, {}, 20 }, // Kazakhstan
                    { { 'L', 'B' }, {}, 28 }, // Lebanon
                    { { 'L', 'C' }, {}, 32 }, // Saint Lucia
                    { { 'L', 'I' }, {}, 21 }, // Liechtenstein
                    { { 'L', 'T' }, {}, 20 }, // Lithuania
                    { { 'L', 'U' }, {}, 20 }, // Luxembourg
                    { { 'L', 'V' }, {}, 21 }, // Latvia
                    { { 'L', 'Y' }, {}, 25 }, // Libya
                    { { 'M', 'A' }, {}, 28 }, // Morocco
                    { { 'M', 'C' }, {}, 27 }, // Monaco
                    { { 'M', 'D' }, {}, 24 }, // Moldova
                    { { 'M', 'E' }, { '2', '5' }, 22 }, // Montenegro
                    { { 'M', 'G' }, {}, 27 }, // Madagascar
                    { { 'M', 'K' }, { '0', '7' }, 19 }, // North Macedonia
                    { { 'M', 'L' }, {}, 28 }, // Mali
                    { { 'M', 'R' }, { '1', '3' }, 27}, // Mauritania
                    { { 'M', 'T' }, {}, 31 }, // Malta
                    { { 'M', 'U' }, {}, 30 }, // Mauritius
                    { { 'M', 'Z' }, {}, 25 }, // Mozambique
                    { { 'N', 'E' }, {}, 28 }, // Niger
                    { { 'N', 'I' }, {}, 32 }, // Nicaragua
                    { { 'N', 'L' }, {}, 18 }, // Netherlands
                    { { 'N', 'O' }, {}, 15 }, // Norway
                    { { 'P', 'K' }, {}, 24 }, // Pakistan
                    { { 'P', 'L' }, {}, 28 }, // Poland
                    { { 'P', 'S' }, {}, 29 }, // Palestinian territories
                    { { 'P', 'T' }, { '5', '0' }, 25 }, // Portugal
                    { { 'Q', 'A' }, {}, 29 }, // Qatar
                    { { 'R', 'O' }, {}, 24 }, // Romania
                    { { 'R', 'S' }, { '3', '5' }, 22 }, // Serbia
                    { { 'R', 'U' }, {}, 33 }, // Russia
                    { { 'S', 'A' }, {}, 24 }, // Saudi Arabia
                    { { 'S', 'C' }, {}, 31 }, // Seychelles
                    { { 'S', 'D' }, {}, 18 }, // Sudan
                    { { 'S', 'E' }, {}, 24 }, // Sweden
                    { { 'S', 'I' }, { '5', '6' }, 19 }, // Slovenia
                    { { 'S', 'K' }, {}, 24 }, // Slovakia
                    { { 'S', 'M' }, {}, 27 }, // San Marino
                    { { 'S', 'N' }, {}, 28 }, // Senegal
                    { { 'S', 'T' }, {}, 25 }, // São Tomé and Príncipe
                    { { 'S', 'V' }, {}, 28 }, // El Salvador
                    { { 'T', 'D' }, {}, 27 }, // Chad
                    { { 'T', 'G' }, {}, 28 }, // Togo
                    { { 'T', 'L' }, { '3', '8' }, 23}, // East Timor
                    { { 'T', 'N' }, { '5', '9' }, 24 }, // Tunisia
                    { { 'T', 'R' }, {}, 26 }, // Turkey
                    { { 'U', 'A' }, {}, 29 }, // Ukraine
                    { { 'V', 'A' }, {}, 22 }, // Vatican City
                    { { 'V', 'G' }, {}, 24 }, // Virgin Islands, British
                    { { 'X', 'K' }, {}, 20 }, // Kosovo
                };
                const country_t* country_desc = nullptr;
                size_t n, available, next, bban_length;
                uint32_t nominator;
 
                this->interval.end = start;
                for (size_t i = 0; i < 2; ++i, ++this->interval.end) {
                    if (this->interval.end >= end || !text[this->interval.end])
                        goto error; // incomplete country code
                    T chr = case_insensitive ? ctype.toupper(text[this->interval.end]) : text[this->interval.end];
                    if (chr < 'A' || 'Z' < chr)
                        goto error; // invalid country code
                    this->country[i] = chr;
                }
                for (size_t l = 0, r = _countof(s_countries);;) {
                    if (l >= r)
                        goto error; // unknown country
                    size_t m = (l + r) / 2;
                    const country_t& c = s_countries[m];
                    if (c.country[0] < this->country[0] || (c.country[0] == this->country[0] && c.country[1] < this->country[1]))
                        l = m + 1;
                    else if (this->country[0] < c.country[0] || (this->country[0] == c.country[0] && this->country[1] < c.country[1]))
                        r = m;
                    else {
                        country_desc = &c;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                this->country[2] = 0;
 
                for (size_t i = 0; i < 2; ++i, ++this->interval.end) {
                    if (this->interval.end >= end || text[this->interval.end] < '0' || '9' < text[this->interval.end])
                        goto error; // incomplete or invalid check digits
                    this->check_digits[i] = text[this->interval.end];
                }
                this->check_digits[2] = 0;
 
                if ((country_desc->check_digits[0] && this->check_digits[0] != country_desc->check_digits[0]) ||
                    (country_desc->check_digits[1] && this->check_digits[1] != country_desc->check_digits[1]))
                    goto error; // unexpected check digits
 
                bban_length = country_desc->length - 4;
                for (n = 0; n < bban_length;) {
                    if (this->interval.end >= end || !text[this->interval.end])
                        goto error; // bban too short
                    if (m_space && m_space->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                        this->interval.end = m_space->interval.end;
                        continue;
                    }
                    T chr = case_insensitive ? ctype.toupper(text[this->interval.end]) : text[this->interval.end];
                    if (('0' <= chr && chr <= '9') || ('A' <= chr && chr <= 'Z')) {
                        this->bban[n++] = chr;
                        this->interval.end++;
                    }
                    else
                        goto error; // invalid bban
                }
                this->bban[n] = 0;
 
                // Normalize IBAN.
                T normalized[69];
                available = 0;
                for (size_t i = 0; ; ++i) {
                    if (!this->bban[i]) {
                        for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
                            if ('A' <= this->country[i] && this->country[i] <= 'J') {
                                normalized[available++] = '1';
                                normalized[available++] = '0' + this->country[i] - 'A';
                            }
                            else if ('K' <= this->country[i] && this->country[i] <= 'T') {
                                normalized[available++] = '2';
                                normalized[available++] = '0' + this->country[i] - 'K';
                            }
                            else if ('U' <= this->country[i] && this->country[i] <= 'Z') {
                                normalized[available++] = '3';
                                normalized[available++] = '0' + this->country[i] - 'U';
                            }
                        }
                        normalized[available++] = this->check_digits[0];
                        normalized[available++] = this->check_digits[1];
                        normalized[available] = 0;
                        break;
                    }
                    if ('0' <= this->bban[i] && this->bban[i] <= '9')
                        normalized[available++] = this->bban[i];
                    else if ('A' <= this->bban[i] && this->bban[i] <= 'J') {
                        normalized[available++] = '1';
                        normalized[available++] = '0' + this->bban[i] - 'A';
                    }
                    else if ('K' <= this->bban[i] && this->bban[i] <= 'T') {
                        normalized[available++] = '2';
                        normalized[available++] = '0' + this->bban[i] - 'K';
                    }
                    else if ('U' <= this->bban[i] && this->bban[i] <= 'Z') {
                        normalized[available++] = '3';
                        normalized[available++] = '0' + this->bban[i] - 'U';
                    }
                }
 
                // Calculate modulo 97.
                nominator = stdex::strtou32(normalized, 9, &next, 10);
                for (;;) {
                    nominator %= 97;
                    if (!normalized[next]) {
                        this->is_valid = nominator == 1;
                        break;
                    }
                    size_t digit_count = nominator == 0 ? 0 : nominator < 10 ? 1 : 2;
                    for (; digit_count < 9 && normalized[next]; ++next, ++digit_count)
                        nominator = nominator * 10 + static_cast<uint32_t>(normalized[next] - '0');
                }
 
                this->interval.start = start;
                return true;
 
            error:
                invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_space;
        };
 
        using iban = basic_iban<char>;
        using wiban = basic_iban<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tiban = wiban;
#else
        using tiban = iban;
#endif
        using sgml_iban = basic_iban<char>;
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_creditor_reference : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_creditor_reference(
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& space,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_parser<T>(locale),
                m_space(space)
            {
                this->check_digits[0] = 0;
                this->reference[0] = 0;
                this->is_valid = false;
            }
 
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                this->check_digits[0] = 0;
                this->reference[0] = 0;
                this->is_valid = false;
                basic_parser<T>::invalidate();
            }
 
            T check_digits[3]; 
            T reference[22];   
            bool is_valid;     
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                const auto& ctype = std::use_facet<std::ctype<T>>(this->m_locale);
                const bool case_insensitive = flags & match_case_insensitive ? true : false;
                size_t n, available, next;
                uint32_t nominator;
 
                this->interval.end = start;
                if (this->interval.end + 1 >= end ||
                    (case_insensitive ? ctype.toupper(text[this->interval.end]) : text[this->interval.end]) != 'R' ||
                    (case_insensitive ? ctype.toupper(text[this->interval.end + 1]) : text[this->interval.end + 1]) != 'F')
                    goto error; // incomplete or wrong reference ID
                this->interval.end += 2;
 
                for (size_t i = 0; i < 2; ++i, ++this->interval.end) {
                    if (this->interval.end >= end || text[this->interval.end] < '0' || '9' < text[this->interval.end])
                        goto error; // incomplete or invalid check digits
                    this->check_digits[i] = text[this->interval.end];
                }
                this->check_digits[2] = 0;
 
                for (n = 0;;) {
                    if (m_space && m_space->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                        this->interval.end = m_space->interval.end;
                    for (size_t j = 0; j < 4; ++j) {
                        if (this->interval.end >= end || !text[this->interval.end])
                            goto out;
                        T chr = case_insensitive ? ctype.toupper(text[this->interval.end]) : text[this->interval.end];
                        if (('0' <= chr && chr <= '9') || ('A' <= chr && chr <= 'Z')) {
                            if (n >= _countof(reference) - 1)
                                goto error; // reference overflow
                            this->reference[n++] = chr;
                            this->interval.end++;
                        }
                        else
                            goto out;
                    }
                }
            out:
                if (!n)
                    goto error; // reference too short
                this->reference[_countof(this->reference) - 1] = 0;
                for (size_t i = n, j = _countof(this->reference) - 1; i;)
                    this->reference[--j] = this->reference[--i];
                for (size_t j = _countof(this->reference) - 1 - n; j;)
                    this->reference[--j] = '0';
 
                // Normalize creditor reference.
                T normalized[47];
                available = 0;
                for (size_t i = 0; ; ++i) {
                    if (!this->reference[i]) {
                        normalized[available++] = '2'; // R
                        normalized[available++] = '7';
                        normalized[available++] = '1'; // F
                        normalized[available++] = '5';
                        normalized[available++] = this->check_digits[0];
                        normalized[available++] = this->check_digits[1];
                        normalized[available] = 0;
                        break;
                    }
                    if ('0' <= this->reference[i] && this->reference[i] <= '9')
                        normalized[available++] = this->reference[i];
                    else if ('A' <= this->reference[i] && this->reference[i] <= 'J') {
                        normalized[available++] = '1';
                        normalized[available++] = '0' + this->reference[i] - 'A';
                    }
                    else if ('K' <= this->reference[i] && this->reference[i] <= 'T') {
                        normalized[available++] = '2';
                        normalized[available++] = '0' + this->reference[i] - 'K';
                    }
                    else if ('U' <= this->reference[i] && this->reference[i] <= 'Z') {
                        normalized[available++] = '3';
                        normalized[available++] = '0' + this->reference[i] - 'U';
                    }
                }
 
                // Calculate modulo 97.
                nominator = stdex::strtou32(normalized, 9, &next, 10);
                for (;;) {
                    nominator %= 97;
                    if (!normalized[next]) {
                        this->is_valid = nominator == 1;
                        break;
                    }
                    size_t digit_count = nominator == 0 ? 0 : nominator < 10 ? 1 : 2;
                    for (; digit_count < 9 && normalized[next]; ++next, ++digit_count)
                        nominator = nominator * 10 + static_cast<uint32_t>(normalized[next] - '0');
                }
 
                this->interval.start = start;
                return true;
 
            error:
                invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_space;
        };
 
        using creditor_reference = basic_creditor_reference<char>;
        using wcreditor_reference = basic_creditor_reference<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tcreditor_reference = wcreditor_reference;
#else
        using tcreditor_reference = creditor_reference;
#endif
        using sgml_creditor_reference = basic_creditor_reference<char>;
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_si_reference_part : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_si_reference_part(_In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) : basic_parser<T>(locale) {}
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                this->interval.end = start;
                for (;;) {
                    if (this->interval.end >= end || !text[this->interval.end])
                        break;
                    if ('0' <= text[this->interval.end] && text[this->interval.end] <= '9')
                        this->interval.end++;
                    else
                        break;
                }
                if (start < this->interval.end) {
                    this->interval.start = start;
                    return true;
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        using si_reference_part = basic_si_reference_part<char>;
        using wsi_reference_part = basic_si_reference_part<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tsi_reference_part = wsi_reference_part;
#else
        using tsi_reference_part = si_reference_part;
#endif
        using sgml_si_reference_part = basic_si_reference_part<char>;
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_si_reference_delimiter : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_si_reference_delimiter(_In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) : basic_parser<T>(locale) {}
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                if (start < end && text[start] == '-') {
                    this->interval.end = (this->interval.start = start) + 1;
                    return true;
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        using si_reference_delimiter = basic_si_reference_delimiter<char>;
        using wsi_reference_delimiter = basic_si_reference_delimiter<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tsi_reference_delimiter = wsi_reference_delimiter;
#else
        using tsi_reference_delimiter = si_reference_delimiter;
#endif
        using sgml_si_reference_delimiter = basic_si_reference_delimiter<char>;
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_si_reference : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_si_reference(
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& space,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_parser<T>(locale),
                part1(locale),
                part2(locale),
                part3(locale),
                is_valid(false),
                m_space(space),
                m_delimiter(locale)
            {
                this->model[0] = 0;
            }
 
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                this->model[0] = 0;
                this->part1.invalidate();
                this->part2.invalidate();
                this->part3.invalidate();
                this->is_valid = false;
                basic_parser<T>::invalidate();
            }
 
            T model[3];                       
            basic_si_reference_part<T> part1; 
            basic_si_reference_part<T> part2; 
            basic_si_reference_part<T> part3; 
            bool is_valid;                    
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                const auto& ctype = std::use_facet<std::ctype<T>>(this->m_locale);
                const bool case_insensitive = flags & match_case_insensitive ? true : false;
 
                this->interval.end = start;
                if (this->interval.end + 1 >= end ||
                    (case_insensitive ? ctype.toupper(text[this->interval.end]) : text[this->interval.end]) != 'S' ||
                    (case_insensitive ? ctype.toupper(text[this->interval.end + 1]) : text[this->interval.end + 1]) != 'I')
                    goto error; // incomplete or wrong reference ID
                this->interval.end += 2;
 
                for (size_t i = 0; i < 2; ++i, ++this->interval.end) {
                    if (this->interval.end >= end || text[this->interval.end] < '0' || '9' < text[this->interval.end])
                        goto error; // incomplete or invalid model
                    this->model[i] = text[this->interval.end];
                }
                this->model[2] = 0;
 
                this->part1.invalidate();
                this->part2.invalidate();
                this->part3.invalidate();
                if (this->model[0] == '9' && this->model[1] == '9') {
                    is_valid = true;
                    this->interval.start = start;
                    return true;
                }
 
                if (m_space && m_space->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                    this->interval.end = m_space->interval.end;
 
                this->part1.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                    this->m_delimiter.match(text, this->part1.interval.end, end, flags) &&
                    this->part2.match(text, this->m_delimiter.interval.end, end, flags) &&
                    this->m_delimiter.match(text, this->part2.interval.end, end, flags) &&
                    this->part3.match(text, this->m_delimiter.interval.end, end, flags);
 
                this->interval.start = start;
                if (this->part3.interval)
                    this->interval.end = this->part3.interval.end;
                else if (this->part2.interval)
                    this->interval.end = this->part2.interval.end;
                else if (this->part1.interval)
                    this->interval.end = this->part1.interval.end;
                else
                    this->interval.end = start + 4;
 
                if (this->model[0] == '0' && this->model[1] == '0')
                    is_valid =
                    this->part3.interval ?
                    this->part1.interval.size() <= 12 && this->part2.interval.size() <= 12 && this->part3.interval.size() <= 12 &&
                    this->part1.interval.size() + this->part2.interval.size() + this->part3.interval.size() <= 20 :
                    this->part2.interval ?
                    this->part1.interval.size() <= 12 && this->part2.interval.size() <= 12 &&
                    this->part1.interval.size() + this->part2.interval.size() <= 20 :
                    this->part1.interval ?
                    this->part1.interval.size() <= 12 :
                    false;
                else if (this->model[0] == '0' && this->model[1] == '1')
                    is_valid =
                    this->part3.interval ?
                    this->part1.interval.size() <= 12 && this->part2.interval.size() <= 12 && this->part3.interval.size() <= 12 &&
                    this->part1.interval.size() + this->part2.interval.size() + this->part3.interval.size() <= 20 &&
                    check11(
                        text + this->part1.interval.start, this->part1.interval.size(),
                        text + this->part2.interval.start, this->part2.interval.size(),
                        text + this->part3.interval.start, this->part3.interval.size()) :
                    this->part2.interval ?
                    this->part1.interval.size() <= 12 && this->part2.interval.size() <= 12 &&
                    this->part1.interval.size() + this->part2.interval.size() <= 20 &&
                    check11(
                        text + this->part1.interval.start, this->part1.interval.size(),
                        text + this->part2.interval.start, this->part2.interval.size()) :
                    this->part1.interval ?
                    this->part1.interval.size() <= 12 &&
                    check11(text + this->part1.interval.start, this->part1.interval.size()) :
                    false;
                else if (this->model[0] == '0' && this->model[1] == '2')
                    is_valid =
                    this->part3.interval ?
                    this->part1.interval.size() <= 12 && this->part2.interval.size() <= 12 && this->part3.interval.size() <= 12 &&
                    this->part1.interval.size() + this->part2.interval.size() + this->part3.interval.size() <= 20 &&
                    check11(text + this->part2.interval.start, this->part2.interval.size()) &&
                    check11(text + this->part3.interval.start, this->part3.interval.size()) :
                    false;
                else if (this->model[0] == '0' && this->model[1] == '3')
                    is_valid =
                    this->part3.interval ?
                    this->part1.interval.size() <= 12 && this->part2.interval.size() <= 12 && this->part3.interval.size() <= 12 &&
                    this->part1.interval.size() + this->part2.interval.size() + this->part3.interval.size() <= 20 &&
                    check11(text + this->part1.interval.start, this->part1.interval.size()) &&
                    check11(text + this->part2.interval.start, this->part2.interval.size()) &&
                    check11(text + this->part3.interval.start, this->part3.interval.size()) :
                    false;
                else if (this->model[0] == '0' && this->model[1] == '4')
                    is_valid =
                    this->part3.interval ?
                    this->part1.interval.size() <= 12 && this->part2.interval.size() <= 12 && this->part3.interval.size() <= 12 &&
                    this->part1.interval.size() + this->part2.interval.size() + this->part3.interval.size() <= 20 &&
                    check11(text + this->part1.interval.start, this->part1.interval.size()) &&
                    check11(text + this->part3.interval.start, this->part3.interval.size()) :
                    false;
                else if ((this->model[0] == '0' || this->model[0] == '5') && this->model[1] == '5')
                    is_valid =
                    this->part3.interval ?
                    this->part1.interval.size() <= 12 && this->part2.interval.size() <= 12 && this->part3.interval.size() <= 12 &&
                    this->part1.interval.size() + this->part2.interval.size() + this->part3.interval.size() <= 20 &&
                    check11(text + this->part1.interval.start, this->part1.interval.size()) :
                    this->part2.interval ?
                    this->part1.interval.size() <= 12 && this->part2.interval.size() <= 12 &&
                    this->part1.interval.size() + this->part2.interval.size() <= 20 &&
                    check11(text + this->part1.interval.start, this->part1.interval.size()) :
                    this->part1.interval ?
                    this->part1.interval.size() <= 12 &&
                    check11(text + this->part1.interval.start, this->part1.interval.size()) :
                    false;
                else if (this->model[0] == '0' && this->model[1] == '6')
                    is_valid =
                    this->part3.interval ?
                    this->part1.interval.size() <= 12 && this->part2.interval.size() <= 12 && this->part3.interval.size() <= 12 &&
                    this->part1.interval.size() + this->part2.interval.size() + this->part3.interval.size() <= 20 &&
                    check11(
                        text + this->part2.interval.start, this->part2.interval.size(),
                        text + this->part3.interval.start, this->part3.interval.size()) :
                    this->part2.interval ?
                    this->part1.interval.size() <= 12 && this->part2.interval.size() <= 12 &&
                    this->part1.interval.size() + this->part2.interval.size() <= 20 &&
                    check11(text + this->part2.interval.start, this->part2.interval.size()) :
                    false;
                else if (this->model[0] == '0' && this->model[1] == '7')
                    is_valid =
                    this->part3.interval ?
                    this->part1.interval.size() <= 12 && this->part2.interval.size() <= 12 && this->part3.interval.size() <= 12 &&
                    this->part1.interval.size() + this->part2.interval.size() + this->part3.interval.size() <= 20 &&
                    check11(text + this->part2.interval.start, this->part2.interval.size()) :
                    this->part2.interval ?
                    this->part1.interval.size() <= 12 && this->part2.interval.size() <= 12 &&
                    this->part1.interval.size() + this->part2.interval.size() <= 20 &&
                    check11(text + this->part2.interval.start, this->part2.interval.size()) :
                    false;
                else if (this->model[0] == '0' && this->model[1] == '8')
                    is_valid =
                    this->part3.interval ?
                    this->part1.interval.size() <= 12 && this->part2.interval.size() <= 12 && this->part3.interval.size() <= 12 &&
                    this->part1.interval.size() + this->part2.interval.size() + this->part3.interval.size() <= 20 &&
                    check11(
                        text + this->part1.interval.start, this->part1.interval.size(),
                        text + this->part2.interval.start, this->part2.interval.size()) &&
                    check11(text + this->part3.interval.start, this->part3.interval.size()) :
                    false;
                else if (this->model[0] == '0' && this->model[1] == '9')
                    is_valid =
                    this->part3.interval ?
                    this->part1.interval.size() <= 12 && this->part2.interval.size() <= 12 && this->part3.interval.size() <= 12 &&
                    this->part1.interval.size() + this->part2.interval.size() + this->part3.interval.size() <= 20 &&
                    check11(
                        text + this->part1.interval.start, this->part1.interval.size(),
                        text + this->part2.interval.start, this->part2.interval.size()) :
                    this->part2.interval ?
                    this->part1.interval.size() <= 12 && this->part2.interval.size() <= 12 &&
                    this->part1.interval.size() + this->part2.interval.size() <= 20 &&
                    check11(
                        text + this->part1.interval.start, this->part1.interval.size(),
                        text + this->part2.interval.start, this->part2.interval.size()) :
                    this->part1.interval ?
                    this->part1.interval.size() <= 12 &&
                    check11(text + this->part1.interval.start, this->part1.interval.size()) :
                    false;
                else if (this->model[0] == '1' && this->model[1] == '0')
                    is_valid =
                    this->part3.interval ?
                    this->part1.interval.size() <= 12 && this->part2.interval.size() <= 12 && this->part3.interval.size() <= 12 &&
                    this->part1.interval.size() + this->part2.interval.size() + this->part3.interval.size() <= 20 &&
                    check11(text + this->part1.interval.start, this->part1.interval.size()) &&
                    check11(
                        text + this->part2.interval.start, this->part2.interval.size(),
                        text + this->part3.interval.start, this->part3.interval.size()) :
                    this->part2.interval ?
                    this->part1.interval.size() <= 12 && this->part2.interval.size() <= 12 &&
                    this->part1.interval.size() + this->part2.interval.size() <= 20 &&
                    check11(text + this->part1.interval.start, this->part1.interval.size()) &&
                    check11(text + this->part2.interval.start, this->part2.interval.size()) :
                    false;
                else if (
                    (this->model[0] == '1' && (this->model[1] == '1' || this->model[1] == '8' || this->model[1] == '9')) ||
                    ((this->model[0] == '2' || this->model[0] == '3') && this->model[1] == '8') ||
                    (this->model[0] == '4' && (this->model[1] == '0' || this->model[1] == '1' || this->model[1] == '8' || this->model[1] == '9')) ||
                    (this->model[0] == '5' && (this->model[1] == '1' || this->model[1] == '8')))
                    is_valid =
                    this->part3.interval ?
                    this->part1.interval.size() <= 12 && this->part2.interval.size() <= 12 && this->part3.interval.size() <= 12 &&
                    this->part1.interval.size() + this->part2.interval.size() + this->part3.interval.size() <= 20 &&
                    check11(text + this->part1.interval.start, this->part1.interval.size()) &&
                    check11(text + this->part2.interval.start, this->part2.interval.size()) :
                    this->part2.interval ?
                    this->part1.interval.size() <= 12 && this->part2.interval.size() <= 12 &&
                    this->part1.interval.size() + this->part2.interval.size() <= 20 &&
                    check11(text + this->part1.interval.start, this->part1.interval.size()) &&
                    check11(text + this->part2.interval.start, this->part2.interval.size()) :
                    false;
                else if (this->model[0] == '1' && this->model[1] == '2')
                    is_valid =
                    this->part3.interval ? false :
                    this->part2.interval ? false :
                    this->part1.interval ?
                    this->part1.interval.size() <= 13 &&
                    check11(text + this->part1.interval.start, this->part1.interval.size()) :
                    false;
                else if ((this->model[0] == '2' || this->model[0] == '3') && this->model[1] == '1')
                    is_valid =
                    this->part3.interval ? false :
                    this->part2.interval ?
                    this->part1.interval.size() <= 12 && this->part2.interval.size() <= 12 &&
                    this->part1.interval.size() + this->part2.interval.size() <= 20 &&
                    check11(text + this->part1.interval.start, this->part1.interval.size()) :
                    false;
                else
                    is_valid = true; // Assume models we don't handle as valid
                return true;
 
            error:
                invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            static bool check11(
                _In_count_(num_part1) const T* part1, _In_ size_t num_part1)
            {
                stdex_assert(part1 && num_part1 >= 1);
                uint32_t nominator = 0, ponder = 2;
                for (size_t i = num_part1 - 1; i--; ++ponder)
                    nominator += static_cast<uint32_t>(part1[i] - '0') * ponder;
                uint8_t control = 11 - static_cast<uint8_t>(nominator % 11);
                if (control >= 10)
                    control = 0;
                return control == part1[num_part1 - 1] - '0';
            }
 
            static bool check11(
                _In_count_(num_part1) const T* part1, _In_ size_t num_part1,
                _In_count_(num_part2) const T* part2, _In_ size_t num_part2)
            {
                stdex_assert(part1 || !num_part1);
                stdex_assert(part2 && num_part2 >= 1);
                uint32_t nominator = 0, ponder = 2;
                for (size_t i = num_part2 - 1; i--; ++ponder)
                    nominator += static_cast<uint32_t>(part2[i] - '0') * ponder;
                for (size_t i = num_part1; i--; ++ponder)
                    nominator += static_cast<uint32_t>(part1[i] - '0') * ponder;
                uint8_t control = 11 - static_cast<uint8_t>(nominator % 11);
                if (control == 10)
                    control = 0;
                return control == part2[num_part2 - 1] - '0';
            }
 
            static bool check11(
                _In_count_(num_part1) const T* part1, _In_ size_t num_part1,
                _In_count_(num_part2) const T* part2, _In_ size_t num_part2,
                _In_count_(num_part3) const T* part3, _In_ size_t num_part3)
            {
                stdex_assert(part1 || !num_part1);
                stdex_assert(part2 || !num_part2);
                stdex_assert(part3 && num_part3 >= 1);
                uint32_t nominator = 0, ponder = 2;
                for (size_t i = num_part3 - 1; i--; ++ponder)
                    nominator += static_cast<uint32_t>(part3[i] - '0') * ponder;
                for (size_t i = num_part2; i--; ++ponder)
                    nominator += static_cast<uint32_t>(part2[i] - '0') * ponder;
                for (size_t i = num_part1; i--; ++ponder)
                    nominator += static_cast<uint32_t>(part1[i] - '0') * ponder;
                uint8_t control = 11 - static_cast<uint8_t>(nominator % 11);
                if (control == 10)
                    control = 0;
                return control == part2[num_part3 - 1] - '0';
            }
 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_space;
            basic_si_reference_delimiter<T> m_delimiter;
        };
 
        using si_reference = basic_si_reference<char>;
        using wsi_reference = basic_si_reference<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tsi_reference = wsi_reference;
#else
        using tsi_reference = si_reference;
#endif
        using sgml_si_reference = basic_si_reference<char>;
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_chemical_formula : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_chemical_formula(
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& element,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& digit,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& sign,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_parser<T>(locale),
                m_element(element),
                m_digit(digit),
                m_sign(sign),
                has_digits(false),
                has_charge(false)
            {}
 
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                has_digits = false;
                has_charge = false;
                basic_parser<T>::invalidate();
            }
 
            bool has_digits;
            bool has_charge;
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
 
                has_digits = false;
                has_charge = false;
                this->interval.end = start;
 
                const int element_match_flags = flags & ~match_case_insensitive; // Chemical elements are always case-sensitive.
                for (;;) {
                    if (m_element->match(text, this->interval.end, end, element_match_flags)) {
                        this->interval.end = m_element->interval.end;
                        while (m_digit->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                            this->interval.end = m_digit->interval.end;
                            has_digits = true;
                        }
                    }
                    else if (start < this->interval.end) {
                        if (m_sign->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                            this->interval.end = m_sign->interval.end;
                            has_charge = true;
                        }
                        this->interval.start = start;
                        return true;
                    }
                    else {
                        this->interval.invalidate();
                        return false;
                    }
                }
            }
 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_element;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_digit;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_sign;
        };
 
        using chemical_formula = basic_chemical_formula<char>;
        using wchemical_formula = basic_chemical_formula<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tchemical_formula = wchemical_formula;
#else
        using tchemical_formula = chemical_formula;
#endif
        using sgml_chemical_formula = basic_chemical_formula<char>;
 
        class http_line_break : public parser
        {
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                this->interval.end = start;
 
                stdex_assert(text || this->interval.end >= end);
                if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end]) {
                    if (text[this->interval.end] == '\r') {
                        this->interval.end++;
                        if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end] == '\n') {
                            this->interval.start = start;
                            this->interval.end++;
                            return true;
                        }
                    }
                    else if (text[this->interval.end] == '\n') {
                        this->interval.start = start;
                        this->interval.end++;
                        return true;
                    }
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        class http_space : public parser
        {
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                this->interval.end = start;
                if (m_line_break.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                    this->interval.end = m_line_break.interval.end;
                    if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end] && stdex::isspace(text[this->interval.end])) {
                        this->interval.start = start;
                        this->interval.end++;
                        while (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end] && stdex::isspace(text[this->interval.end])) this->interval.end++;
                        return true;
                    }
                }
                else if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end] && stdex::isspace(text[this->interval.end])) {
                    this->interval.start = start;
                    this->interval.end++;
                    while (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end] && stdex::isspace(text[this->interval.end])) this->interval.end++;
                    return true;
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            http_line_break m_line_break;
        };
 
        class http_text_char : public parser
        {
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                this->interval.end = start;
 
                stdex_assert(text || this->interval.end >= end);
                if (m_space.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                    this->interval.start = start;
                    this->interval.end = m_space.interval.end;
                    return true;
                }
                else if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end] && text[this->interval.end] >= 0x20) {
                    this->interval.start = start;
                    this->interval.end++;
                    return true;
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            http_space m_space;
        };
 
        class http_token : public parser
        {
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                this->interval.end = start;
                for (;;) {
                    if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end]) {
                        if ((unsigned int)text[this->interval.end] < 0x20 ||
                            (unsigned int)text[this->interval.end] == 0x7f ||
                            text[this->interval.end] == '(' ||
                            text[this->interval.end] == ')' ||
                            text[this->interval.end] == '<' ||
                            text[this->interval.end] == '>' ||
                            text[this->interval.end] == '@' ||
                            text[this->interval.end] == ',' ||
                            text[this->interval.end] == ';' ||
                            text[this->interval.end] == ':' ||
                            text[this->interval.end] == '\\' ||
                            text[this->interval.end] == '\"' ||
                            text[this->interval.end] == '/' ||
                            text[this->interval.end] == '[' ||
                            text[this->interval.end] == ']' ||
                            text[this->interval.end] == '?' ||
                            text[this->interval.end] == '=' ||
                            text[this->interval.end] == '{' ||
                            text[this->interval.end] == '}' ||
                            stdex::isspace(text[this->interval.end]))
                            break;
                        else
                            this->interval.end++;
                    }
                    else
                        break;
                }
                if (start < this->interval.end) {
                    this->interval.start = start;
                    return true;
                }
                else {
                    this->interval.invalidate();
                    return false;
                }
            }
        };
 
        class http_quoted_string : public parser
        {
        public:
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                content.start = 1;
                content.end = 0;
                parser::invalidate();
            }
 
            stdex::interval<size_t> content; 
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                this->interval.end = start;
                if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end] != '"')
                    goto error;
                this->interval.end++;
                content.start = this->interval.end;
                for (;;) {
                    stdex_assert(text || this->interval.end >= end);
                    if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end]) {
                        if (text[this->interval.end] == '"') {
                            content.end = this->interval.end;
                            this->interval.end++;
                            break;
                        }
                        else if (text[this->interval.end] == '\\') {
                            this->interval.end++;
                            if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end]) {
                                this->interval.end++;
                            }
                            else
                                goto error;
                        }
                        else if (m_chr.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                            this->interval.end++;
                        else
                            goto error;
                    }
                    else
                        goto error;
                }
                this->interval.start = start;
                return true;
 
            error:
                invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            http_text_char m_chr;
        };
 
        class http_value : public parser
        {
        public:
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                string.invalidate();
                token.invalidate();
                parser::invalidate();
            }
 
            http_quoted_string string; 
            http_token token; 
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                this->interval.end = start;
                if (string.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                    token.invalidate();
                    this->interval.end = string.interval.end;
                    this->interval.start = start;
                    return true;
                }
                else if (token.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                    string.invalidate();
                    this->interval.end = token.interval.end;
                    this->interval.start = start;
                    return true;
                }
                else {
                    this->interval.invalidate();
                    return false;
                }
            }
        };
 
        class http_parameter : public parser
        {
        public:
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                name.invalidate();
                value.invalidate();
                parser::invalidate();
            }
 
            http_token name; 
            http_value value; 
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                this->interval.end = start;
                if (name.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                    this->interval.end = name.interval.end;
                else
                    goto error;
                while (m_space.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                    this->interval.end = m_space.interval.end;
                stdex_assert(text || this->interval.end >= end);
                if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end] == '=')
                    this->interval.end++;
                else
                    while (m_space.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                        this->interval.end = m_space.interval.end;
                if (value.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                    this->interval.end = value.interval.end;
                else
                    goto error;
                this->interval.start = start;
                return true;
 
            error:
                invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            http_space m_space;
        };
 
        class http_any_type : public parser
        {
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                if (start + 2 < end &&
                    text[start] == '*' &&
                    text[start + 1] == '/' &&
                    text[start + 2] == '*')
                {
                    this->interval.end = (this->interval.start = start) + 3;
                    return true;
                }
                else if (start < end && text[start] == '*') {
                    this->interval.end = (this->interval.start = start) + 1;
                    return true;
                }
                else {
                    this->interval.invalidate();
                    return false;
                }
            }
        };
 
        class http_media_range : public parser
        {
        public:
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                type.invalidate();
                subtype.invalidate();
                parser::invalidate();
            }
 
            http_token type;
            http_token subtype;
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                this->interval.end = start;
                if (type.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                    this->interval.end = type.interval.end;
                else
                    goto error;
                while (m_space.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                    this->interval.end = m_space.interval.end;
                if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end] == '/')
                    this->interval.end++;
                else
                    goto error;
                while (m_space.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                    this->interval.end = m_space.interval.end;
                if (subtype.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                    this->interval.end = subtype.interval.end;
                else
                    goto error;
                this->interval.start = start;
                return true;
 
            error:
                invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            http_space m_space;
        };
 
        class http_media_type : public http_media_range
        {
        public:
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                params.clear();
                http_media_range::invalidate();
            }
 
            std::list<http_parameter> params;
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                if (!http_media_range::do_match(text, start, end, flags))
                    goto error;
                params.clear();
                for (;;) {
                    if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end]) {
                        if (m_space.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                            this->interval.end = m_space.interval.end;
                        else if (text[this->interval.end] == ';') {
                            this->interval.end++;
                            while (m_space.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                                this->interval.end = m_space.interval.end;
                            http_parameter param;
                            if (param.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                                this->interval.end = param.interval.end;
                                params.push_back(std::move(param));
                            }
                            else
                                break;
                        }
                        else
                            break;
                    }
                    else
                        break;
                }
                this->interval.end = params.empty() ? subtype.interval.end : params.back().interval.end;
                return true;
 
            error:
                invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        class http_url_server : public parser
        {
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                this->interval.end = start;
                for (;;) {
                    if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end]) {
                        if ((unsigned int)text[this->interval.end] < 0x20 ||
                            (unsigned int)text[this->interval.end] == 0x7f ||
                            text[this->interval.end] == ':' ||
                            text[this->interval.end] == '/' ||
                            stdex::isspace(text[this->interval.end]))
                            break;
                        else
                            this->interval.end++;
                    }
                    else
                        break;
                }
                if (start < this->interval.end) {
                    this->interval.start = start;
                    return true;
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        class http_url_port : public parser
        {
        public:
            http_url_port(_In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                parser(locale),
                value(0)
            {}
 
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                value = 0;
                parser::invalidate();
            }
 
            uint16_t value;
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                value = 0;
                this->interval.end = start;
                for (;;) {
                    if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end]) {
                        if ('0' <= text[this->interval.end] && text[this->interval.end] <= '9') {
                            size_t _value = static_cast<size_t>(value) * 10 + static_cast<size_t>(text[this->interval.end] - '0');
                            if (_value > UINT16_MAX) {
                                value = 0;
                                this->interval.invalidate();
                                return false;
                            }
                            value = (uint16_t)_value;
                            this->interval.end++;
                        }
                        else
                            break;
                    }
                    else
                        break;
                }
                if (start < this->interval.end) {
                    this->interval.start = start;
                    return true;
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        class http_url_path_segment : public parser
        {
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                this->interval.end = start;
                for (;;) {
                    if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end]) {
                        if ((unsigned int)text[this->interval.end] < 0x20 ||
                            (unsigned int)text[this->interval.end] == 0x7f ||
                            text[this->interval.end] == '?' ||
                            text[this->interval.end] == '/' ||
                            stdex::isspace(text[this->interval.end]))
                            break;
                        else
                            this->interval.end++;
                    }
                    else
                        break;
                }
                this->interval.start = start;
                return true;
            }
        };
 
        class http_url_path : public parser
        {
        public:
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                segments.clear();
                parser::invalidate();
            }
 
            std::vector<http_url_path_segment> segments; 
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                http_url_path_segment s;
                this->interval.end = start;
                segments.clear();
                stdex_assert(text || this->interval.end >= end);
                if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end] != '/')
                    goto error;
                this->interval.end++;
                s.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags);
                segments.push_back(s);
                this->interval.end = s.interval.end;
                for (;;) {
                    if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end]) {
                        if (text[this->interval.end] == '/') {
                            this->interval.end++;
                            s.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags);
                            segments.push_back(s);
                            this->interval.end = s.interval.end;
                        }
                        else
                            break;
                    }
                    else
                        break;
                }
                this->interval.start = start;
                return true;
 
            error:
                invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        class http_url_parameter : public parser
        {
        public:
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                name.start = 1;
                name.end = 0;
                value.start = 1;
                value.end = 0;
                parser::invalidate();
            }
 
            stdex::interval<size_t> name;
            stdex::interval<size_t> value;
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                this->interval.end = start;
                name.start = this->interval.end;
                for (;;) {
                    if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end]) {
                        if ((unsigned int)text[this->interval.end] < 0x20 ||
                            (unsigned int)text[this->interval.end] == 0x7f ||
                            text[this->interval.end] == '&' ||
                            text[this->interval.end] == '=' ||
                            stdex::isspace(text[this->interval.end]))
                            break;
                        else
                            this->interval.end++;
                    }
                    else
                        break;
                }
                if (start < this->interval.end)
                    name.end = this->interval.end;
                else
                    goto error;
                if (text[this->interval.end] == '=') {
                    this->interval.end++;
                    value.start = this->interval.end;
                    for (;;) {
                        if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end]) {
                            if ((unsigned int)text[this->interval.end] < 0x20 ||
                                (unsigned int)text[this->interval.end] == 0x7f ||
                                text[this->interval.end] == '&' ||
                                stdex::isspace(text[this->interval.end]))
                                break;
                            else
                                this->interval.end++;
                        }
                        else
                            break;
                    }
                    value.end = this->interval.end;
                }
                else {
                    value.start = 1;
                    value.end = 0;
                }
                this->interval.start = start;
                return true;
 
            error:
                invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        class http_url : public parser
        {
        public:
            http_url(_In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                parser(locale),
                port(locale)
            {}
 
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                server.invalidate();
                port.invalidate();
                path.invalidate();
                params.clear();
                parser::invalidate();
            }
 
            http_url_server server;
            http_url_port port;
            http_url_path path;
            std::list<http_url_parameter> params;
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                this->interval.end = start;
 
                if (this->interval.end + 7 <= end && stdex::strnicmp(text + this->interval.end, 7, "http://", SIZE_MAX, m_locale) == 0) {
                    this->interval.end += 7;
                    if (server.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                        this->interval.end = server.interval.end;
                    else
                        goto error;
                    if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end] == ':') {
                        this->interval.end++;
                        if (port.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                            this->interval.end = port.interval.end;
                    }
                    else {
                        port.invalidate();
                        port.value = 80;
                    }
                }
                else {
                    server.invalidate();
                    port.invalidate();
                    port.value = 80;
                }
 
                if (path.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                    this->interval.end = path.interval.end;
                else
                    goto error;
 
                params.clear();
 
                if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end] == '?') {
                    this->interval.end++;
                    for (;;) {
                        if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end]) {
                            if ((unsigned int)text[this->interval.end] < 0x20 ||
                                (unsigned int)text[this->interval.end] == 0x7f ||
                                stdex::isspace(text[this->interval.end]))
                                break;
                            else if (text[this->interval.end] == '&')
                                this->interval.end++;
                            else {
                                http_url_parameter param;
                                if (param.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                                    this->interval.end = param.interval.end;
                                    params.push_back(std::move(param));
                                }
                                else
                                    break;
                            }
                        }
                        else
                            break;
                    }
                }
 
                this->interval.start = start;
                return true;
 
            error:
                invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        class http_language : public parser
        {
        public:
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                components.clear();
                parser::invalidate();
            }
 
            std::vector<stdex::interval<size_t>> components;
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                this->interval.end = start;
                components.clear();
                for (;;) {
                    if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end]) {
                        stdex::interval<size_t> k;
                        k.end = this->interval.end;
                        for (;;) {
                            if (k.end < end && text[k.end]) {
                                if (stdex::isalpha(text[k.end]))
                                    k.end++;
                                else
                                    break;
                            }
                            else
                                break;
                        }
                        if (this->interval.end < k.end) {
                            k.start = this->interval.end;
                            this->interval.end = k.end;
                            components.push_back(k);
                        }
                        else
                            break;
                        if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end] == '-')
                            this->interval.end++;
                        else
                            break;
                    }
                    else
                        break;
                }
                if (!components.empty()) {
                    this->interval.start = start;
                    this->interval.end = components.back().end;
                    return true;
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        class http_weight : public parser
        {
        public:
            http_weight(_In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                parser(locale),
                value(1.0f)
            {}
 
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                value = 1.0f;
                parser::invalidate();
            }
 
            float value; 
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                size_t celi_del = 0, decimalni_del = 0, decimalni_del_n = 1;
                this->interval.end = start;
                for (;;) {
                    if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end]) {
                        if ('0' <= text[this->interval.end] && text[this->interval.end] <= '9') {
                            celi_del = celi_del * 10 + static_cast<size_t>(text[this->interval.end] - '0');
                            this->interval.end++;
                        }
                        else if (text[this->interval.end] == '.') {
                            this->interval.end++;
                            for (;;) {
                                if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end]) {
                                    if ('0' <= text[this->interval.end] && text[this->interval.end] <= '9') {
                                        decimalni_del = decimalni_del * 10 + static_cast<size_t>(text[this->interval.end] - '0');
                                        decimalni_del_n *= 10;
                                        this->interval.end++;
                                    }
                                    else
                                        break;
                                }
                                else
                                    break;
                            }
                            break;
                        }
                        else
                            break;
                    }
                    else
                        break;
                }
                if (start < this->interval.end) {
                    value = (float)((double)celi_del + (double)decimalni_del / decimalni_del_n);
                    this->interval.start = start;
                    return true;
                }
                value = 1.0f;
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        class http_asterisk : public parser
        {
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || end <= start);
                if (start < end && text[start] == '*') {
                    this->interval.end = (this->interval.start = start) + 1;
                    return true;
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        template <class T, class T_asterisk = http_asterisk>
        class http_weighted_value : public parser
        {
        public:
            http_weighted_value(_In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                parser(locale),
                factor(locale)
            {}
 
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                asterisk.invalidate();
                value.invalidate();
                factor.invalidate();
                parser::invalidate();
            }
 
            T_asterisk asterisk;
            T value;
            http_weight factor;
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                size_t konec_vrednosti;
                this->interval.end = start;
                if (asterisk.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                    this->interval.end = konec_vrednosti = asterisk.interval.end;
                    value.invalidate();
                }
                else if (value.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                    this->interval.end = konec_vrednosti = value.interval.end;
                    asterisk.invalidate();
                }
                else {
                    asterisk.invalidate();
                    value.invalidate();
                    this->interval.invalidate();
                    return false;
                }
 
                while (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end] && stdex::isspace(text[this->interval.end])) this->interval.end++;
                if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end] == ';') {
                    this->interval.end++;
                    while (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end] && stdex::isspace(text[this->interval.end])) this->interval.end++;
                    if (this->interval.end < end && (text[this->interval.end] == 'q' || text[this->interval.end] == 'Q')) {
                        this->interval.end++;
                        while (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end] && stdex::isspace(text[this->interval.end])) this->interval.end++;
                        if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end] == '=') {
                            this->interval.end++;
                            while (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end] && stdex::isspace(text[this->interval.end])) this->interval.end++;
                            if (factor.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                                this->interval.end = factor.interval.end;
                        }
                    }
                }
                if (!factor.interval) {
                    factor.invalidate();
                    this->interval.end = konec_vrednosti;
                }
                this->interval.start = start;
                return true;
            }
        };
 
        class http_cookie_parameter : public parser
        {
        public:
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                name.invalidate();
                value.invalidate();
                parser::invalidate();
            }
 
            http_token name;
            http_value value;
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                this->interval.end = start;
                if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end] == '$')
                    this->interval.end++;
                else
                    goto error;
                if (name.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                    this->interval.end = name.interval.end;
                else
                    goto error;
                while (m_space.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                    this->interval.end = m_space.interval.end;
                if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end] == '=')
                    this->interval.end++;
                else
                    goto error;
                while (m_space.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                    this->interval.end = m_space.interval.end;
                if (value.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                    this->interval.end = value.interval.end;
                else
                    goto error;
                this->interval.start = start;
                return true;
 
            error:
                invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            http_space m_space;
        };
 
        class http_cookie : public parser
        {
        public:
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                name.invalidate();
                value.invalidate();
                params.clear();
                parser::invalidate();
            }
 
            http_token name; 
            http_value value; 
            std::list<http_cookie_parameter> params; 
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                this->interval.end = start;
                if (name.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                    this->interval.end = name.interval.end;
                else
                    goto error;
                while (m_space.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                    this->interval.end = m_space.interval.end;
                if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end] == '=')
                    this->interval.end++;
                else
                    goto error;
                while (m_space.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                    this->interval.end = m_space.interval.end;
                if (value.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                    this->interval.end = value.interval.end;
                else
                    goto error;
                params.clear();
                for (;;) {
                    if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end]) {
                        if (m_space.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                            this->interval.end = m_space.interval.end;
                        else if (text[this->interval.end] == ';') {
                            this->interval.end++;
                            while (m_space.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                                this->interval.end = m_space.interval.end;
                            http_cookie_parameter param;
                            if (param.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                                this->interval.end = param.interval.end;
                                params.push_back(std::move(param));
                            }
                            else
                                break;
                        }
                        else
                            break;
                    }
                    else
                        break;
                }
                this->interval.start = start;
                this->interval.end = params.empty() ? value.interval.end : params.back().interval.end;
                return true;
 
            error:
                invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            http_space m_space;
        };
 
        class http_agent : public parser
        {
        public:
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                type.start = 1;
                type.end = 0;
                version.start = 1;
                version.end = 0;
                parser::invalidate();
            }
 
            stdex::interval<size_t> type;
            stdex::interval<size_t> version;
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                this->interval.end = start;
                type.start = this->interval.end;
                for (;;) {
                    if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end]) {
                        if (text[this->interval.end] == '/') {
                            type.end = this->interval.end;
                            this->interval.end++;
                            version.start = this->interval.end;
                            for (;;) {
                                if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end]) {
                                    if (stdex::isspace(text[this->interval.end])) {
                                        version.end = this->interval.end;
                                        break;
                                    }
                                    else
                                        this->interval.end++;
                                }
                                else {
                                    version.end = this->interval.end;
                                    break;
                                }
                            }
                            break;
                        }
                        else if (stdex::isspace(text[this->interval.end])) {
                            type.end = this->interval.end;
                            break;
                        }
                        else
                            this->interval.end++;
                    }
                    else {
                        type.end = this->interval.end;
                        break;
                    }
                }
                if (start < this->interval.end) {
                    this->interval.start = start;
                    return true;
                }
                type.start = 1;
                type.end = 0;
                version.start = 1;
                version.end = 0;
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        class http_protocol : public parser
        {
        public:
            http_protocol(_In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                parser(locale),
                version(0x009)
            {}
 
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                type.start = 1;
                type.end = 0;
                version_maj.start = 1;
                version_maj.end = 0;
                version_min.start = 1;
                version_min.end = 0;
                version = 0x009;
                parser::invalidate();
            }
 
            stdex::interval<size_t> type;
            stdex::interval<size_t> version_maj;
            stdex::interval<size_t> version_min;
            uint16_t version; 
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                this->interval.end = start;
                type.start = this->interval.end;
                for (;;) {
                    if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end]) {
                        if (text[this->interval.end] == '/') {
                            type.end = this->interval.end;
                            this->interval.end++;
                            break;
                        }
                        else if (stdex::isspace(text[this->interval.end]))
                            goto error;
                        else
                            this->interval.end++;
                    }
                    else {
                        type.end = this->interval.end;
                        goto error;
                    }
                }
                version_maj.start = this->interval.end;
                for (;;) {
                    if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end]) {
                        if (text[this->interval.end] == '.') {
                            version_maj.end = this->interval.end;
                            this->interval.end++;
                            version_min.start = this->interval.end;
                            for (;;) {
                                if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end]) {
                                    if (stdex::isspace(text[this->interval.end])) {
                                        version_min.end = this->interval.end;
                                        version =
                                            (uint16_t)strtoui(text + version_maj.start, version_maj.size(), nullptr, 10) * 0x100 +
                                            (uint16_t)strtoui(text + version_min.start, version_min.size(), nullptr, 10);
                                        break;
                                    }
                                    else
                                        this->interval.end++;
                                }
                                else
                                    goto error;
                            }
                            break;
                        }
                        else if (stdex::isspace(text[this->interval.end])) {
                            version_maj.end = this->interval.end;
                            version_min.start = 1;
                            version_min.end = 0;
                            version = (uint16_t)strtoui(text + version_maj.start, version_maj.size(), nullptr, 10) * 0x100;
                            break;
                        }
                        else
                            this->interval.end++;
                    }
                    else
                        goto error;
                }
                this->interval.start = start;
                return true;
 
            error:
                invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        class http_request : public parser
        {
        public:
            http_request(_In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                parser(locale),
                url(locale),
                protocol(locale)
            {}
 
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                verb.start = 1;
                verb.end = 0;
                url.invalidate();
                protocol.invalidate();
                parser::invalidate();
            }
 
            stdex::interval<size_t> verb;
            http_url url;
            http_protocol protocol;
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                this->interval.end = start;
 
                for (;;) {
                    if (m_line_break.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                        goto error;
                    else if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end]) {
                        if (stdex::isspace(text[this->interval.end]))
                            this->interval.end++;
                        else
                            break;
                    }
                    else
                        goto error;
                }
                verb.start = this->interval.end;
                for (;;) {
                    if (m_line_break.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                        goto error;
                    else if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end]) {
                        if (stdex::isspace(text[this->interval.end])) {
                            verb.end = this->interval.end;
                            this->interval.end++;
                            break;
                        }
                        else
                            this->interval.end++;
                    }
                    else
                        goto error;
                }
 
                for (;;) {
                    if (m_line_break.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                        goto error;
                    else if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end]) {
                        if (stdex::isspace(text[this->interval.end]))
                            this->interval.end++;
                        else
                            break;
                    }
                    else
                        goto error;
                }
                if (url.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                    this->interval.end = url.interval.end;
                else
                    goto error;
 
                protocol.invalidate();
                for (;;) {
                    if (m_line_break.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                        this->interval.end = m_line_break.interval.end;
                        goto end;
                    }
                    else if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end]) {
                        if (stdex::isspace(text[this->interval.end]))
                            this->interval.end++;
                        else
                            break;
                    }
                    else
                        goto end;
                }
                for (;;) {
                    if (m_line_break.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                        this->interval.end = m_line_break.interval.end;
                        goto end;
                    }
                    else if (protocol.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                        this->interval.end = protocol.interval.end;
                        break;
                    }
                    else
                        goto end;
                }
 
                for (;;) {
                    if (m_line_break.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                        this->interval.end = m_line_break.interval.end;
                        break;
                    }
                    else if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end])
                        this->interval.end++;
                    else
                        goto end;
                }
 
            end:
                this->interval.start = start;
                return true;
 
            error:
                invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            http_line_break m_line_break;
        };
 
        class http_header : public parser
        {
        public:
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                name.start = 1;
                name.end = 0;
                value.start = 1;
                value.end = 0;
                parser::invalidate();
            }
 
            stdex::interval<size_t> name;
            stdex::interval<size_t> value;
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                this->interval.end = start;
 
                if (m_line_break.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) ||
                    (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end] && stdex::isspace(text[this->interval.end])))
                    goto error;
                name.start = this->interval.end;
                for (;;) {
                    if (m_line_break.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                        goto error;
                    else if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end]) {
                        if (stdex::isspace(text[this->interval.end])) {
                            name.end = this->interval.end;
                            this->interval.end++;
                            for (;;) {
                                if (m_line_break.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags))
                                    goto error;
                                else if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end]) {
                                    if (stdex::isspace(text[this->interval.end]))
                                        this->interval.end++;
                                    else
                                        break;
                                }
                                else
                                    goto error;
                            }
                            if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end] == ':') {
                                this->interval.end++;
                                break;
                            }
                            else
                                goto error;
                            break;
                        }
                        else if (text[this->interval.end] == ':') {
                            name.end = this->interval.end;
                            this->interval.end++;
                            break;
                        }
                        else
                            this->interval.end++;
                    }
                    else
                        goto error;
                }
                value.start = SIZE_MAX;
                value.end = 0;
                for (;;) {
                    if (m_line_break.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                        this->interval.end = m_line_break.interval.end;
                        if (!m_line_break.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                            this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end] && stdex::isspace(text[this->interval.end]))
                            this->interval.end++;
                        else
                            break;
                    }
                    else if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end]) {
                        if (stdex::isspace(text[this->interval.end]))
                            this->interval.end++;
                        else {
                            if (value.start == SIZE_MAX) value.start = this->interval.end;
                            value.end = ++this->interval.end;
                        }
                    }
                    else
                        break;
                }
                this->interval.start = start;
                return true;
 
            error:
                invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            http_line_break m_line_break;
        };
 
        template <class KEY, class T>
        class http_value_collection : public T
        {
        public:
            void insert(
                _In_reads_or_z_(end) const char* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                while (start < end) {
                    while (start < end && text[start] && stdex::isspace(text[start])) start++;
                    if (start < end && text[start] == ',') {
                        start++;
                        while (start < end&& text[start] && stdex::isspace(text[start])) start++;
                    }
                    KEY el;
                    if (el.match(text, start, end, flags)) {
                        start = el.interval.end;
                        T::insert(std::move(el));
                    }
                    else
                        break;
                }
            }
        };
 
        template <class T>
        struct http_factor_more {
            constexpr bool operator()(const T& a, const T& b) const noexcept
            {
                return a.factor.value > b.factor.value;
            }
        };
 
        template <class T, class AX = std::allocator<T>>
        using http_weighted_collection = http_value_collection<T, std::multiset<T, http_factor_more<T>, AX>>;
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_json_string : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_json_string(
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& quote,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& chr,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& escape,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& sol,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& bs,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& ff,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& lf,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& cr,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& htab,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>>& uni,
                _In_ const std::shared_ptr<basic_integer16<T>>& hex,
                _In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_parser<T>(locale),
                m_quote(quote),
                m_chr(chr),
                m_escape(escape),
                m_sol(sol),
                m_bs(bs),
                m_ff(ff),
                m_lf(lf),
                m_cr(cr),
                m_htab(htab),
                m_uni(uni),
                m_hex(hex)
            {}
 
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                value.clear();
                basic_parser<T>::invalidate();
            }
 
            std::basic_string<T> value;
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                this->interval.end = start;
                if (m_quote->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                    this->interval.end = m_quote->interval.end;
                    value.clear();
                    for (;;) {
                        if (m_quote->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                            this->interval.start = start;
                            this->interval.end = m_quote->interval.end;
                            return true;
                        }
                        if (m_escape->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                            if (m_quote->match(text, m_escape->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                                value += '"'; this->interval.end = m_quote->interval.end;
                                continue;
                            }
                            if (m_sol->match(text, m_escape->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                                value += '/'; this->interval.end = m_sol->interval.end;
                                continue;
                            }
                            if (m_bs->match(text, m_escape->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                                value += '\b'; this->interval.end = m_bs->interval.end;
                                continue;
                            }
                            if (m_ff->match(text, m_escape->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                                value += '\f'; this->interval.end = m_ff->interval.end;
                                continue;
                            }
                            if (m_lf->match(text, m_escape->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                                value += '\n'; this->interval.end = m_lf->interval.end;
                                continue;
                            }
                            if (m_cr->match(text, m_escape->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                                value += '\r'; this->interval.end = m_cr->interval.end;
                                continue;
                            }
                            if (m_htab->match(text, m_escape->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                                value += '\t'; this->interval.end = m_htab->interval.end;
                                continue;
                            }
                            if (
                                m_uni->match(text, m_escape->interval.end, end, flags) &&
                                m_hex->match(text, m_uni->interval.end, std::min(m_uni->interval.end + 4, end), flags | match_case_insensitive) &&
                                m_hex->interval.size() == 4 /* JSON requests 4-digit Unicode sequneces: \u.... */)
                            {
                                stdex_assert(m_hex->value <= 0xffff);
                                if (sizeof(T) == 1) {
                                    if (m_hex->value > 0x7ff) {
                                        value += (T)(0xe0 | ((m_hex->value >> 12) & 0x0f));
                                        value += (T)(0x80 | ((m_hex->value >> 6) & 0x3f));
                                        value += (T)(0x80 | (m_hex->value & 0x3f));
                                    }
                                    else if (m_hex->value > 0x7f) {
                                        value += (T)(0xc0 | ((m_hex->value >> 6) & 0x1f));
                                        value += (T)(0x80 | (m_hex->value & 0x3f));
                                    }
                                    else
                                        value += (T)(m_hex->value & 0x7f);
                                }
                                else
                                    value += (T)m_hex->value;
                                this->interval.end = m_hex->interval.end;
                                continue;
                            }
                            if (m_escape->match(text, m_escape->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                                value += '\\'; this->interval.end = m_escape->interval.end;
                                continue;
                            }
                        }
                        if (m_chr->match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                            value.append(text + m_chr->interval.start, m_chr->interval.size());
                            this->interval.end = m_chr->interval.end;
                            continue;
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                }
                value.clear();
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_quote;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_chr;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_escape;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_sol;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_bs;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_ff;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_lf;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_cr;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_htab;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_parser<T>> m_uni;
            std::shared_ptr<basic_integer16<T>> m_hex;
        };
 
        using json_string = basic_json_string<char>;
        using wjson_string = basic_json_string<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tjson_string = wjson_string;
#else
        using tjson_string = json_string;
#endif
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_css_comment : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                this->content.invalidate();
                basic_parser<T>::invalidate();
            }
 
            stdex::interval<size_t> content; 
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_multiline)
            {
                _Unreferenced_(flags);
                stdex_assert(text || start + 1 >= end);
                if (start + 1 < end &&
                    text[start] == '/' &&
                    text[start + 1] == '*')
                {
                    // /*
                    this->content.start = this->interval.end = start + 2;
                    for (;;) {
                        if (this->interval.end >= end || !text[this->interval.end])
                            break;
                        if (this->interval.end + 1 < end &&
                            text[this->interval.end] == '*' &&
                            text[this->interval.end + 1] == '/')
                        {
                            // /*...*/
                            this->content.end = this->interval.end;
                            this->interval.start = start;
                            this->interval.end = this->interval.end + 2;
                            return true;
                        }
                        this->interval.end++;
                    }
                }
                this->content.invalidate();
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        using css_comment = basic_css_comment<char>;
        using wcss_comment = basic_css_comment<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tcss_comment = wcss_comment;
#else
        using tcss_comment = css_comment;
#endif
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_css_cdo : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_multiline)
            {
                _Unreferenced_(flags);
                stdex_assert(text || start + 3 >= end);
                if (start + 3 < end &&
                    text[start] == '<' &&
                    text[start + 1] == '!' &&
                    text[start + 2] == '-' &&
                    text[start + 3] == '-')
                {
                    this->interval.start = start;
                    this->interval.end = start + 4;
                    return true;
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        using css_cdo = basic_css_cdo<char>;
        using wcss_cdo = basic_css_cdo<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tcss_cdo = wcss_cdo;
#else
        using tcss_cdo = css_cdo;
#endif
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_css_cdc : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_multiline)
            {
                _Unreferenced_(flags);
                stdex_assert(text || start + 2 >= end);
                if (start + 2 < end &&
                    text[start] == '-' &&
                    text[start + 1] == '-' &&
                    text[start + 2] == '>')
                {
                    this->interval.start = start;
                    this->interval.end = start + 3;
                    return true;
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        using css_cdc = basic_css_cdc<char>;
        using wcss_cdc = basic_css_cdc<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tcss_cdc = wcss_cdc;
#else
        using tcss_cdc = css_cdc;
#endif
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_css_string : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                this->content.invalidate();
                basic_parser<T>::invalidate();
            }
 
            stdex::interval<size_t> content; 
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_multiline)
            {
                _Unreferenced_(flags);
                this->interval.end = start;
                stdex_assert(text || this->interval.end >= end);
                if (this->interval.end < end &&
                    (text[this->interval.end] == '\"' || text[this->interval.end] == '\''))
                {
                    // "Quoted...
                    T quote = text[this->interval.end];
                    this->content.start = ++this->interval.end;
                    for (;;) {
                        if (this->interval.end >= end || !text[this->interval.end])
                            break;
                        if (text[this->interval.end] == quote) {
                            // End quote"
                            this->content.end = this->interval.end;
                            this->interval.start = start;
                            this->interval.end++;
                            return true;
                        }
                        if (this->interval.end + 1 < end &&
                            text[this->interval.end] == '\\' &&
                            (text[this->interval.end + 1] == '\"' || text[this->interval.end + 1] == '\''))
                        {
                            // Escaped quote
                            this->interval.end = this->interval.end + 2;
                        }
                        else
                            this->interval.end++;
                    }
                }
 
                this->content.invalidate();
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        using css_string = basic_css_string<char>;
        using wcss_string = basic_css_string<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tcss_string = wcss_string;
#else
        using tcss_string = css_string;
#endif
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_css_uri : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                this->content.invalidate();
                basic_parser<T>::invalidate();
            }
 
            stdex::interval<size_t> content; 
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_multiline)
            {
                _Unreferenced_(flags);
                this->interval.end = start;
                stdex_assert(text || this->interval.end + 3 >= end);
                if (this->interval.end + 3 < end &&
                    (text[this->interval.end] == 'u' || text[this->interval.end] == 'U') &&
                    (text[this->interval.end + 1] == 'r' || text[this->interval.end + 1] == 'R') &&
                    (text[this->interval.end + 2] == 'l' || text[this->interval.end + 2] == 'L') &&
                    text[this->interval.end + 3] == '(')
                {
                    // url(
                    this->interval.end = this->interval.end + 4;
 
                    // Skip whitespace.
                    const auto& ctype = std::use_facet<std::ctype<T>>(this->m_locale);
                    for (; this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end] && ctype.is(ctype.space, text[this->interval.end]); this->interval.end++);
 
                    if (this->interval.end < end &&
                        (text[this->interval.end] == '\"' || text[this->interval.end] == '\''))
                    {
                        // url("Quoted...
                        T quote = text[this->interval.end];
                        this->content.start = ++this->interval.end;
                        for (;;) {
                            if (this->interval.end >= end || !text[this->interval.end])
                                goto error;
                            if (text[this->interval.end] == quote) {
                                // End quote"
                                this->content.end = this->interval.end;
                                this->interval.end++;
                                break;
                            }
                            if (this->interval.end + 1 < end &&
                                text[this->interval.end] == '\\' &&
                                (text[this->interval.end + 1] == '\"' || text[this->interval.end + 1] == '\''))
                            {
                                // Escaped quote
                                this->interval.end = this->interval.end + 2;
                            }
                            else
                                this->interval.end++;
                        }
 
                        // Skip whitespace.
                        for (; this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end] && ctype.is(ctype.space, text[this->interval.end]); this->interval.end++);
 
                        if (this->interval.end < end &&
                            text[this->interval.end] == ')')
                        {
                            // url("...")
                            this->interval.start = start;
                            this->interval.end++;
                            return true;
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        // url(...
                        this->content.start = content.end = this->interval.end;
                        for (;;) {
                            if (this->interval.end >= end || !text[this->interval.end])
                                goto error;
                            if (text[this->interval.end] == ')') {
                                // url(...)
                                this->interval.start = start;
                                this->interval.end++;
                                return true;
                            }
                            if (ctype.is(ctype.space, text[this->interval.end]))
                                this->interval.end++;
                            else
                                this->content.end = ++this->interval.end;
                        }
                    }
                }
 
            error:
                invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        using css_uri = basic_css_uri<char>;
        using wcss_uri = basic_css_uri<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tcss_uri = wcss_uri;
#else
        using tcss_uri = css_uri;
#endif
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_css_import : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                this->content.invalidate();
                basic_parser<T>::invalidate();
            }
 
            stdex::interval<size_t> content; 
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_multiline)
            {
                _Unreferenced_(flags);
                this->interval.end = start;
                stdex_assert(text || this->interval.end + 6 >= end);
                if (this->interval.end + 6 < end &&
                    text[this->interval.end] == '@' &&
                    (text[this->interval.end + 1] == 'i' || text[this->interval.end + 1] == 'I') &&
                    (text[this->interval.end + 2] == 'm' || text[this->interval.end + 2] == 'M') &&
                    (text[this->interval.end + 3] == 'p' || text[this->interval.end + 3] == 'P') &&
                    (text[this->interval.end + 4] == 'o' || text[this->interval.end + 4] == 'O') &&
                    (text[this->interval.end + 5] == 'r' || text[this->interval.end + 5] == 'R') &&
                    (text[this->interval.end + 6] == 't' || text[this->interval.end + 6] == 'T'))
                {
                    // @import...
                    this->interval.end = this->interval.end + 7;
 
                    // Skip whitespace.
                    const auto& ctype = std::use_facet<std::ctype<T>>(this->m_locale);
                    for (; this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end] && ctype.is(ctype.space, text[this->interval.end]); this->interval.end++);
 
                    if (this->interval.end < end &&
                        (text[this->interval.end] == '\"' || text[this->interval.end] == '\''))
                    {
                        // @import "Quoted
                        T quote = text[this->interval.end];
                        this->content.start = ++this->interval.end;
                        for (;;) {
                            if (this->interval.end >= end || !text[this->interval.end])
                                goto error;
                            if (text[this->interval.end] == quote) {
                                // End quote"
                                this->content.end = this->interval.end;
                                this->interval.start = start;
                                this->interval.end++;
                                return true;
                            }
                            if (this->interval.end + 1 < end &&
                                text[this->interval.end] == '\\' &&
                                (text[this->interval.end + 1] == '\"' || text[this->interval.end + 1] == '\''))
                            {
                                // Escaped quote
                                this->interval.end = this->interval.end + 2;
                            }
                            else
                                this->interval.end++;
                        }
                    }
                }
 
            error:
                invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        using css_import = basic_css_import<char>;
        using wcss_import = basic_css_import<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tcss_import = wcss_import;
#else
        using tcss_import = css_import;
#endif
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_mime_type : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                this->base_type.invalidate();
                this->sub_type.invalidate();
                this->charset.invalidate();
                basic_parser<T>::invalidate();
            }
 
            stdex::interval<size_t> base_type; 
            stdex::interval<size_t> sub_type;  
            stdex::interval<size_t> charset;   
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_multiline)
            {
                _Unreferenced_(flags);
                const auto& ctype = std::use_facet<std::ctype<T>>(this->m_locale);
 
                this->interval.end = start;
                this->base_type.start = this->interval.end;
                for (;;) {
                    stdex_assert(text || this->interval.end >= end);
                    if (this->interval.end >= end || !text[this->interval.end])
                        break;
                    if (text[this->interval.end] == '/' ||
                        text[this->interval.end] == ';' ||
                        ctype.is(ctype.space, text[this->interval.end]))
                        break;
                    this->interval.end++;
                }
                if (this->interval.end <= this->base_type.start)
                    goto error;
                this->base_type.end = this->interval.end;
 
                if (end <= this->interval.end || text[this->interval.end] != '/')
                    goto error;
 
                this->interval.end++;
                this->sub_type.start = this->interval.end;
                for (;;) {
                    if (this->interval.end >= end || !text[this->interval.end])
                        break;
                    if (text[this->interval.end] == '/' ||
                        text[this->interval.end] == ';' ||
                        ctype.is(ctype.space, text[this->interval.end]))
                        break;
                    this->interval.end++;
                }
                if (this->interval.end <= this->sub_type.start)
                    goto error;
 
                this->sub_type.end = this->interval.end;
                this->charset.invalidate();
                if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end] == ';') {
                    this->interval.end++;
 
                    // Skip whitespace.
                    for (; this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end] && ctype.is(ctype.space, text[this->interval.end]); this->interval.end++);
 
                    if (this->interval.end + 7 < end &&
                        (text[this->interval.end] == 'c' || text[this->interval.end] == 'C') &&
                        (text[this->interval.end + 1] == 'h' || text[this->interval.end + 1] == 'H') &&
                        (text[this->interval.end + 2] == 'a' || text[this->interval.end + 2] == 'A') &&
                        (text[this->interval.end + 3] == 'r' || text[this->interval.end + 3] == 'R') &&
                        (text[this->interval.end + 4] == 's' || text[this->interval.end + 4] == 'S') &&
                        (text[this->interval.end + 5] == 'e' || text[this->interval.end + 5] == 'E') &&
                        (text[this->interval.end + 6] == 't' || text[this->interval.end + 6] == 'T') &&
                        text[this->interval.end + 7] == '=')
                    {
                        this->interval.end = this->interval.end + 8;
                        if (this->interval.end < end &&
                            (text[this->interval.end] == '\"' || text[this->interval.end] == '\''))
                        {
                            // "Quoted...
                            T quote = text[this->interval.end];
                            this->charset.start = ++this->interval.end;
                            for (;;) {
                                if (this->interval.end >= end || !text[this->interval.end]) {
                                    // No end quote!
                                    this->charset.invalidate();
                                    break;
                                }
                                if (text[this->interval.end] == quote) {
                                    // End quote"
                                    this->charset.end = this->interval.end;
                                    this->interval.end++;
                                    break;
                                }
                                this->interval.end++;
                            }
                        }
                        else {
                            // Nonquoted
                            this->charset.start = this->interval.end;
                            for (;;) {
                                if (this->interval.end >= end || !text[this->interval.end] ||
                                    ctype.is(ctype.space, text[this->interval.end])) {
                                    this->charset.end = this->interval.end;
                                    break;
                                }
                                this->interval.end++;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                this->interval.start = start;
                return true;
 
            error:
                invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        using mime_type = basic_mime_type<char>;
        using wmime_type = basic_mime_type<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using tmime_type = wmime_type;
#else
        using tmime_type = mime_type;
#endif
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_html_ident : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                _Unreferenced_(flags);
                const auto& ctype = std::use_facet<std::ctype<T>>(this->m_locale);
                this->interval.end = start;
                for (;;) {
                    stdex_assert(text || this->interval.end >= end);
                    if (this->interval.end >= end || !text[this->interval.end]) {
                        if (start < this->interval.end) {
                            this->interval.start = start;
                            return true;
                        }
                        this->interval.invalidate();
                        return false;
                    }
                    if (text[this->interval.end] == '>' ||
                        text[this->interval.end] == '=' ||
                        (text[this->interval.end] == '/' && this->interval.end + 1 < end && text[this->interval.end + 1] == '>') ||
                        ctype.is(ctype.space, text[this->interval.end]))
                    {
                        this->interval.start = start;
                        return true;
                    }
                    this->interval.end++;
                }
            }
        };
 
        using html_ident = basic_html_ident<char>;
        using whtml_ident = basic_html_ident<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using thtml_ident = whtml_ident;
#else
        using thtml_ident = html_ident;
#endif
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_html_value : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                this->content.invalidate();
                basic_parser<T>::invalidate();
            }
 
            stdex::interval<size_t> content; 
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_default)
            {
                _Unreferenced_(flags);
                this->interval.end = start;
                stdex_assert(text || this->interval.end >= end);
                if (this->interval.end < end &&
                    (text[this->interval.end] == '\"' || text[this->interval.end] == '\''))
                {
                    // "Quoted...
                    T quote = text[this->interval.end];
                    this->content.start = ++this->interval.end;
                    for (;;) {
                        if (this->interval.end >= end || !text[this->interval.end]) {
                            // No end quote!
                            this->content.invalidate();
                            this->interval.invalidate();
                            return false;
                        }
                        if (text[this->interval.end] == quote) {
                            // End quote"
                            this->content.end = this->interval.end;
                            this->interval.start = start;
                            this->interval.end++;
                            return true;
                        }
                        this->interval.end++;
                    }
                }
 
                // Nonquoted
                this->content.start = this->interval.end;
                const auto& ctype = std::use_facet<std::ctype<T>>(this->m_locale);
                for (;;) {
                    stdex_assert(text || this->interval.end >= end);
                    if (this->interval.end >= end || !text[this->interval.end]) {
                        this->content.end = this->interval.end;
                        this->interval.start = start;
                        return true;
                    }
                    if (text[this->interval.end] == '>' ||
                        (text[this->interval.end] == '/' && this->interval.end + 1 < end && text[this->interval.end + 1] == '>') ||
                        ctype.is(ctype.space, text[this->interval.end]))
                    {
                        this->content.end = this->interval.end;
                        this->interval.start = start;
                        return true;
                    }
                    this->interval.end++;
                }
            }
        };
 
        using html_value = basic_html_value<char>;
        using whtml_value = basic_html_value<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using thtml_value = whtml_value;
#else
        using thtml_value = html_value;
#endif
 
        enum class html_sequence_t {
            text = 0,
            element,       
            element_start, 
            element_end,   
            declaration,   
            comment,       
            instruction,   
            PCDATA,        
            CDATA,         
 
            unknown = -1,
        };
 
        struct html_attribute {
            stdex::interval<size_t> name;  
            stdex::interval<size_t> value; 
        };
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_html_tag : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            basic_html_tag(_In_ const std::locale& locale = std::locale()) :
                basic_parser<T>(locale),
                type(html_sequence_t::unknown)
            {}
 
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                this->type = html_sequence_t::unknown;
                this->name.invalidate();
                this->attributes.clear();
                basic_parser<T>::invalidate();
            }
 
            html_sequence_t type;                   
            stdex::interval<size_t> name;           
            std::vector<html_attribute> attributes; 
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_multiline)
            {
                stdex_assert(text || start >= end);
                if (start >= end || text[start] != '<')
                    goto error;
                this->interval.end = start + 1;
                if (this->interval.end >= end || !text[this->interval.end])
                    goto error;
                if (text[this->interval.end] == '/' &&
                    this->m_ident.match(text, this->interval.end + 1, end, flags))
                {
                    // </...
                    this->type = html_sequence_t::element_end;
                    this->name = this->m_ident.interval;
                    this->interval.end = this->m_ident.interval.end;
                }
                else if (text[this->interval.end] == '!') {
                    // <!...
                    this->interval.end++;
                    if (this->interval.end + 1 < end &&
                        text[this->interval.end] == '-' &&
                        text[this->interval.end + 1] == '-')
                    {
                        // <!--...
                        this->name.start = this->interval.end = this->interval.end + 2;
                        for (;;) {
                            if (this->interval.end >= end || !text[this->interval.end])
                                goto error;
                            if (this->interval.end + 2 < end &&
                                text[this->interval.end] == '-' &&
                                text[this->interval.end + 1] == '-' &&
                                text[this->interval.end + 2] == '>')
                            {
                                // <!--...-->
                                this->type = html_sequence_t::comment;
                                this->name.end = this->interval.end;
                                this->attributes.clear();
                                this->interval.start = start;
                                this->interval.end = this->interval.end + 3;
                                return true;
                            }
                            this->interval.end++;
                        }
                    }
                    this->type = html_sequence_t::declaration;
                    this->name.start = this->name.end = this->interval.end;
                }
                else if (text[this->interval.end] == '?') {
                    // <?...
                    this->name.start = ++this->interval.end;
                    for (;;) {
                        if (this->interval.end >= end || !text[this->interval.end])
                            goto error;
                        if (text[this->interval.end] == '>') {
                            // <?...>
                            this->type = html_sequence_t::instruction;
                            this->name.end = this->interval.end;
                            this->attributes.clear();
                            this->interval.start = start;
                            this->interval.end++;
                            return true;
                        }
                        if (this->interval.end + 1 < end &&
                            text[this->interval.end] == '?' &&
                            text[this->interval.end + 1] == '>')
                        {
                            // <?...?>
                            this->type = html_sequence_t::instruction;
                            this->name.end = this->interval.end;
                            this->attributes.clear();
                            this->interval.start = start;
                            this->interval.end = this->interval.end + 2;
                            return true;
                        }
                        this->interval.end++;
                    }
                }
                else if (this->m_ident.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                    // <tag...
                    this->type = html_sequence_t::element_start;
                    this->name = this->m_ident.interval;
                    this->interval.end = this->m_ident.interval.end;
                }
                else
                    goto error;
 
                {
                    // Skip whitespace.
                    const auto& ctype = std::use_facet<std::ctype<T>>(this->m_locale);
                    for (; this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end] && ctype.is(ctype.space, text[this->interval.end]); this->interval.end++);
 
                    this->attributes.clear();
                    for (;;) {
                        if (this->type == html_sequence_t::element_start &&
                            this->interval.end + 1 < end &&
                            text[this->interval.end] == '/' &&
                            text[this->interval.end + 1] == '>')
                        {
                            // <tag .../>
                            this->type = html_sequence_t::element;
                            this->interval.end = this->interval.end + 2;
                            break;
                        }
                        if (this->interval.end < end &&
                            text[this->interval.end] == '>')
                        {
                            // <tag ...>
                            this->interval.end++;
                            break;
                        }
                        if (this->type == html_sequence_t::declaration &&
                            this->interval.end + 1 < end &&
                            text[this->interval.end] == '!' &&
                            text[this->interval.end + 1] == '>')
                        {
                            // "<!...!>".
                            this->interval.end = this->interval.end + 2;
                            break;
                        }
                        if (this->type == html_sequence_t::declaration &&
                            this->interval.end + 1 < end &&
                            text[this->interval.end] == '-' &&
                            text[this->interval.end + 1] == '-')
                        {
                            // "<! ... --...".
                            this->interval.end = this->interval.end + 2;
                            for (;;) {
                                if (this->interval.end >= end || !text[this->interval.end])
                                    goto error;
                                if (this->interval.end + 1 < end &&
                                    text[this->interval.end] == '-' &&
                                    text[this->interval.end + 1] == '-')
                                {
                                    // "<! ... --...--".
                                    this->interval.end = this->interval.end + 2;
                                    break;
                                }
                                this->interval.end++;
                            }
 
                            // Skip whitespace.
                            for (; this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end] && ctype.is(ctype.space, text[this->interval.end]); this->interval.end++);
                            continue;
                        }
 
                        if (this->interval.end >= end || !text[this->interval.end])
                            goto error;
 
                        // Attributes follow...
                        html_attribute* a = nullptr;
                        if (this->m_ident.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                            this->attributes.push_back(std::move(html_attribute{ this->m_ident.interval }));
                            a = &this->attributes.back();
                            stdex_assert(a);
                            this->interval.end = this->m_ident.interval.end;
                        }
                        else {
                            // What was that?! Skip.
                            this->interval.end++;
                            continue;
                        }
 
                        // Skip whitespace.
                        for (; this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end] && ctype.is(ctype.space, text[this->interval.end]); this->interval.end++);
 
                        if (this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end] == '=') {
                            this->interval.end++;
 
                            // Skip whitespace.
                            for (; this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end] && ctype.is(ctype.space, text[this->interval.end]); this->interval.end++);
 
                            if (this->m_value.match(text, this->interval.end, end, flags)) {
                                // This attribute has value.
                                a->value = this->m_value.content;
                                this->interval.end = this->m_value.interval.end;
 
                                // Skip whitespace.
                                for (; this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end] && ctype.is(ctype.space, text[this->interval.end]); this->interval.end++);
                            }
                        }
                        else {
                            // This attribute has no value.
                            a->value.invalidate();
                        }
                    }
                }
 
                this->interval.start = start;
                return true;
 
            error:
                invalidate();
                return false;
            }
 
            basic_html_ident<T> m_ident;
            basic_html_value<T> m_value;
        };
 
        using html_tag = basic_html_tag<char>;
        using whtml_tag = basic_html_tag<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using thtml_tag = whtml_tag;
#else
        using thtml_tag = html_tag;
#endif
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_html_declaration_condition_start : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        public:
            virtual void invalidate()
            {
                this->condition.invalidate();
                basic_parser<T>::invalidate();
            }
 
            stdex::interval<size_t> condition; 
 
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_multiline)
            {
                _Unreferenced_(flags);
                stdex_assert(text || start + 2 >= end);
                if (start + 2 < end &&
                    text[start] == '<' &&
                    text[start + 1] == '!' &&
                    text[start + 2] == '[')
                {
                    this->interval.end = start + 3;
 
                    // Skip whitespace.
                    const auto& ctype = std::use_facet<std::ctype<T>>(this->m_locale);
                    for (; this->interval.end < end && text[this->interval.end] && ctype.is(ctype.space, text[this->interval.end]); this->interval.end++);
 
                    this->condition.start = this->condition.end = this->interval.end;
 
                    for (;;) {
                        if (this->interval.end >= end || !text[this->interval.end])
                            break;
                        if (text[this->interval.end] == '[') {
                            this->interval.start = start;
                            this->interval.end++;
                            return true;
                        }
                        if (ctype.is(ctype.space, text[this->interval.end]))
                            this->interval.end++;
                        else
                            this->condition.end = ++this->interval.end;
                    }
                }
 
                this->condition.invalidate();
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        using html_declaration_condition_start = basic_html_declaration_condition_start<char>;
        using whtml_declaration_condition_start = basic_html_declaration_condition_start<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using thtml_declaration_condition_start = whtml_declaration_condition_start;
#else
        using thtml_declaration_condition_start = html_declaration_condition_start;
#endif
 
        template <class T>
        class basic_html_declaration_condition_end : public basic_parser<T>
        {
        protected:
            virtual bool do_match(
                _In_reads_or_z_opt_(end) const T* text,
                _In_ size_t start = 0,
                _In_ size_t end = SIZE_MAX,
                _In_ int flags = match_multiline)
            {
                _Unreferenced_(flags);
                stdex_assert(text || start + 2 >= end);
                if (start + 2 < end &&
                    text[start] == ']' &&
                    text[start + 1] == ']' &&
                    text[start + 2] == '>')
                {
                    this->interval.start = start;
                    this->interval.end = start + 3;
                    return true;
                }
                this->interval.invalidate();
                return false;
            }
        };
 
        using html_declaration_condition_end = basic_html_declaration_condition_end<char>;
        using whtml_declaration_condition_end = basic_html_declaration_condition_end<wchar_t>;
#ifdef _UNICODE
        using thtml_declaration_condition_end = whtml_declaration_condition_end;
#else
        using thtml_declaration_condition_end = html_declaration_condition_end;
#endif
    }
}
 
#undef ENUM_FLAG_OPERATOR
#undef ENUM_FLAGS
 
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#pragma warning(pop)
#elif defined(__GNUC__)
#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
#endif